Les cartables nationaux de documentation (CND) sont des listes de documents publics qui fournissent de l’information sur les conditions dans les pays. Ils sont périodiquement mis à jour au moyen de renseignements accessibles au public. Les CND portant sur des pays à l’égard desquels un grand nombre de demandes d’asile sont présentées peuvent être mis à jour plus fréquemment. Les mises à jour peuvent être retardées en période de changements rapides et d’incertitude pour permettre la constitution d’un corpus de renseignements pertinents.
Les CND visent à appuyer le processus d’octroi de l’asile. Ils ne doivent pas être interprétés comme une reconnaissance de la souveraineté ou du statut politique d’un territoire.
Les CND, qui comprennent les réponses aux demandes d’information (RDI) que la Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada publie sur son site Web, peuvent contenir des documents annexés qui ne sont pas accessibles en ligne. Pour obtenir une copie d’un document annexé, veuillez en faire la demande
par courriel.
Notes relatives aux guides jurisprudentiels
Notes relatives aux guides jurisprudentiels
Le
28 juillet 2022, le président a désigné la décision suivante de la Section d’appels des réfugiés comme
guide jurisprudentiel.
-
Décision TC1-05038 – L'interprétation appropriée de l'exception de « risque généralisé » à la protection prévue au sous-alinéa 97(1)b)(ii) de la Loi dans les demandes d'asile concernant des allégations de ciblage par des gangs et d'autres actes criminels.
Le
22 décembre 2020, le président a désigné la décision suivante de la Section d’appels des réfugiés comme
guide jurisprudentiel :
-
Décision MB8-00025 – Le présent guide jurisprudentiel visant à savoir si les commissaires, lorsqu'ils appliquent la section E de l'article premier de la Convention relative au statut des réfugiés, devraient tenir compte des allégations concernant les risques dans un pays de résidence s'ils concluent que le demandeur d'asile a les droits et les obligations attachés à la possession de la nationalité dans ce pays.
Le
6 juillet 2018, le président a désigné la décision qui suit de la Section d’appels des réfugiés comme étant un
guide jurisprudentiel :
-
Décision TB7-19851 – Nigéria – Le présent guide jurisprudentiel traite des différentes possibilités de refuge intérieur dans les grandes villes du sud et du centre du Nigéria pour les demandeurs d’asile qui fuient des acteurs non étatiques.
Révoqué
La documentation sur le pays mentionné dans cette décision est incluse à l’article 16 dans le cartable national de documentation, cartable mis à jour le 10 juillet 2018.
Le
20 juillet 2017, le président a désigné les décisions qui suivent de la Section d’appels des réfugiés comme
guides jurisprudentiels :
-
Décision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Si le traitement réservé aux Ahmadis au Pakistan équivaut à de la persécution, s’ils peuvent se prévaloir de la protection de l’État et s’il existe une possibilité de refuge intérieur viable.
-
Décision MB6-01059/60 – Inde – Existence d’une possibilité de refuge intérieur en Inde pour les demandeurs d’asile du Pendjab.
Révoqué
-
Décision TB6-11632 – Chine – Analyse de l’efficacité du réseau informatique national chinois connu sous le nom de projet Bouclier d’or, et s’emploie à répondre à la question visant à savoir si, compte tenu de ce réseau, une personne recherchée par les autorités peut quitter la Chine à un aéroport munie d’un passeport authentique.
Révoqué
La documentation sur les pays mentionnée dans chacune de ces décisions est incluse à l’article 16 dans les cartables nationaux de documentation, cartables mis à jour le 20 juillet 2017.
Retour
30 April 2025
CHINA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
China. Administrative Divisions.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of China, including Hong Kong, China, and Macao, China
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
22 March 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
Country Information Note. China: Medical treatment and healthcare. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Présentation de la Chine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 March 2025
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 April 2025
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
China. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Country of origin information report China
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
China. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 January 2022
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: People's Republic of China
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
27 December 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Opposition to the state. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
December 2023
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
China. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
13 December 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
The process for Chinese citizens to convert Chinese currency to US money in China, including the limits, the places where large sums of money can be exchanged and whether large sums of money are reported to the government (2019–October 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 November 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by Macao, China, under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant, due in 2019
Date of Document:
10 August 2020
Accessed Date:
25 April 2023
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties: Macao, China
Code:
HRI/CORE/CHN-MAC/2019
Date of Document:
5 August 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 April 2024
Title:
China. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
29 April 2025
Title:
Congressional-Executive Commission on China: Annual Report 2024
Source:
United States. Congressional-Executive Commission on China.
Date of Document:
December 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21: China
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/CHN/1
Date of Document:
3 November 2023
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Tibet. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
China. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on China
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/CHN/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 November 2023
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights, Alena Douhan, on her visit to China
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
9 August 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
China: Closing Off Memory of Tiananmen Massacre
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 June 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
“If I Disobey, My Family Will Suffer:” Collective punishment of human rights defenders' families in China. The Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders (2023).
Source:
Chinese Human Rights Defenders
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
China: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/CHN/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
15 November 2023
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
A Threat to Canadian Sovereignty: National Security Dimensions of the Canada-People's Republic of China Relationship. Interim Report of the Special Committee on the Canada–People's Republic of China Relationship.
Source:
Canada. House of Commons.
Date of Document:
May 2023
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
China. Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Nate Schenkkan; Isabel Linzer
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
“On my campus, I am afraid': China's targeting of overseas students stifles rights
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
13 May 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Macau. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
China and Hong Kong: Situation of political dissidents, particularly students, and treatment by People's Republic of China (PRC) authorities (2020–September 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 September 2022
Accessed Date:
24 October 2022
Title:
China: Free ‘White Paper' Protesters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 January 2023
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Tibet. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Modern slavery. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Japan: Chinese Authorities Harass Critics Abroad
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 October 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Birth certificates, including content, appearance and security features; requirements and procedures to obtain a birth certificate; whether birth certificates are a provincial or national document; specimen (2019-September 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 October 2021
Accessed Date:
29 October 2021
Title:
China. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
28 April 2025
Title:
Information on electronic/biometric passports, including security features, Radio Frequency ID (RFID) technology and wireless tracking capacity; exit procedures at international airports, including e-passport verification, security checkpoints, and the use of facial recognition technology (2013-2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 September 2015
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: China and Taiwan
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
26 October 2016
Title:
Passport Law of the People's Republic of China
Accessed Date:
28 October 2015
Title:
Whether an electronic health care system has replaced the use of medical booklets, such as for outpatient and emergency medical records, particularly in Shanghai, including the date of the system change, where it is operational, and whether the use ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 October 2020
Title:
Procedure and requirements to obtain a biometric passport, including date they started to be issued; indicators that the passport is biometric, including symbols
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 May 2013
Accessed Date:
29 October 2013
Title:
Instances in which the letter 'X' is used at the end of the identification number on a resident identity card
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 May 2014
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
Process to obtain a People's Republic of China (PRC) driver's licence; documents required; whether the serial number on the national identity card is the same as the ID number that appears on the driver's licence (2014-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 October 2016
Accessed Date:
31 October 2016
Title:
What Is the Hukou System in China? – Definition, Pros & Cons
Date of Document:
4 July 2024
Accessed Date:
18 April 2024
Title:
Whether the 15-digit identity number appearing on a Resident Identity Card (RIC) or a newly assigned 18-digit number would appear on official documents, if the Chinese citizen obtaining the official documents continued to be in possession of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 September 2013
Accessed Date:
31 October 2013
Title:
Whether a new Resident Identity Card (RIC) is issued at the same time as a new hukou to reflect a change of address when a person moves out; procedures for updating a RIC with a change of address; Information that applies to Hebei Province (2014 ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
26 October 2016
Title:
The social credit system (SCS), including how citizens are ranked and factors affecting social credit scores; how a social credit score affects a person's livelihood and their ability to access social services, documents, and to travel within and ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 February 2020
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
The hukou [residential registration] document, including appearance, content, fraud, pathways for obtaining, requirements, and procedures; hukou policy, including national regulations and local policies; circumstances when a hukou might be cancelled...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 September 2022
Accessed Date:
14 October 2022
Title:
Family planning-related documents issued by the family planning authorities and/or hospitals in Guangdong Province, including whether authorities issue reports detailing abortions, sterilizations, and/or implantations of IUDs (intrauterine devices)...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 September 2015
Accessed Date:
9 October 2015
Title:
Procedures for issuing second-generation Resident Identity Cards (RICs), including whether the procedures vary in different parts of China; application processing times and whether validity periods are assigned when the application is made...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 July 2011
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Appearance of the second-generation Resident Identity Card (RIC), including personal information represented on the card; procedure for testing cards for authenticity
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 July 2011
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
The master list of Resident Identity Card (RIC) provincial codes
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 September 2009
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
National Resident Identity Cards; background information; description; issuance procedures
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 February 2005
Accessed Date:
21 February 2013
Title:
Family planning documents issued by authorities in Shanghai, including their appearance and security features; circumstances in which birth permits, registration forms or family planning compliance certificates are confiscated, including ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 May 2020
Accessed Date:
14 October 2020
Title:
Fraudulent documents, including the manufacturing, procurement, distribution and use of passports, hukou, and resident identity cards (RICs), particularly in Guangdong and Fujian; instances of officials issuing fraudulent RICs to citizens and...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 October 2013
Accessed Date:
31 October 2013
Title:
Requirements and procedures to reacquire Chinese citizenship; length of process and information on other forms of status or temporary status while reacquiring citizenship; whether the children of Chinese nationals, who are born abroad, can...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 May 2016
Title:
Documents and parental authorization required to obtain a passport for a minor in Henan Province; procedures and requirements for obtaining a passport for a minor born out of wedlock if the parents are not married and only one parent has custody ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 June 2016
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
7. The Hukou Document. China: Reforms of the Household Registration System (Hukou) (1998-2004). Issue Paper.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
February 2005
Accessed Date:
22 October 2018
Title:
2014 hukou reform policy and its local implementation; security features and other physical characteristics of hukou [household registry] documents issued in 2013-2014; anti-fraud measures introduced for hukou documents; whether features...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2015
Accessed Date:
27 May 2016
Title:
Requirements and procedures to reacquire Chinese nationality, including the length of the process; whether children of Chinese nationals born abroad can obtain nationality (2017-February 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 February 2019
Accessed Date:
29 October 2019
Title:
China's Social Credit System in 2021: From fragmentation towards integration. MERICS China Monitor.
Source:
Mercator Institute for China Studies
Date of Document:
9 May 2022
Author:
Katja Drinhausen; Vincent Brussee
Editor:
Claudia Wessling; Mary Hennock
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
China starts national digital ID trial barely a week after releasing draft plan
Source:
BiometricUpdate.com
Date of Document:
6 August 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Security features of birth certificates, including the meaning of the alphanumeric code (2000-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 January 2018
Accessed Date:
20 September 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Canadian Committee of the Democracy Party of China (CCDPC) [Canada Committee of the Democratic Party of China; Democratic Party of China, Canada Committee; Democratic Party of China in Canada; Democratic Party of China National Committee ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 September 2019
Accessed Date:
22 October 2019
Title:
Backgrounder: The Chinese Communist Party
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
6 October 2022
Author:
Lindsay Maizland; Eleanor Albert
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
The People's Republic of China's Law on the Management of the Activities of Overseas NGOs within Mainland China
Accessed Date:
29 August 2017
Title:
China Democracy Party (CDP) [also called the Democracy Party of China], including membership, structure, and leadership; activities; treatment by Chinese authorities of party members and family members (2018–September 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 September 2020
Accessed Date:
15 October 2020
Title:
China's Political System in Charts: A Snapshot Before the 20th Party Congress
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
24 November 2021
Author:
Susan V. Lawrence; Mari Y. Lee
Accessed Date:
10 May 2022
Title:
About parliament; Election results. China: National People's Congress.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
29 October 2024
Title:
China Primer: China's Political System. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 January 2025
Author:
Susan V. Lawrence
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Retroactive enforcement of the one-child policy, including those who had previously been issued a sterilization notice (2015-June 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 July 2020
Accessed Date:
14 October 2020
Title:
“Take Maternity Leave and You'll Be Replaced”: China's Two-Child Policy and Workplace Gender Discrimination
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 June 2021
Editor:
Sophie Richardson et al.
Accessed Date:
19 October 2021
Title:
Book Five: Marriage and Family. Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Treatment of 'illegal' or 'black' children born outside the family planning policy; whether unregistered children are denied access to education, health care and other services; information on punitive measures taken against parents who violated family planning policy before and/or after policy changes effective January 2016 (2013-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 October 2016
Accessed Date:
31 October 2016
Title:
Whether Family Planning authorities, including in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, enforce the two-child policy through forced abortions, sterilization, and other birth control methods; information on measures taken against parents who fail to ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 December 2019
Accessed Date:
19 December 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Contravention of the Population and Family Planning law. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Effects of the implementation of the Two-Child Family Planning Policy on children born outside the country and their parents, including access to social services and benefits, particularly in Guangdong, Fujian, Hebei, and Liaoning; punitive ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2018
Accessed Date:
26 October 2018
Title:
Marriage and divorce certificates, including physical characteristics, regulations and standards governing their appearance and content; requirements and procedures to obtain them (2014-August 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 August 2017
Accessed Date:
27 October 2017
Title:
China's New Domestic Violence Law: Keeping Victims Out of Harm's Way?
Source:
Yale Law School. Paul Tsai China Center.
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
29 August 2017
Title:
Treatment of unwed mothers and children born outside of wedlock by authorities and society, including access to support services, particularly in Fujian Province, including Fuzhou, and Guangdong Province (2021–September 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
It's time to abolish China's three-child policy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 February 2023
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China: Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests Revised
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
13 January 2023
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Implementation of family planning policy changes permitting two children announced 29 October 2015 (November 2015-April 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 May 2016
Accessed Date:
27 May 2016
Title:
Whether a National Population and Family Planning Commission directive prohibiting forced abortion and sterilization was issued in 2012 and implemented (2012-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 March 2015
Accessed Date:
9 October 2015
Title:
Whether the Chinese government is providing incentives for women to have more than two children, including whether this is specific to particular areas or families (2018–June 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2020
Accessed Date:
14 October 2020
Title:
Family planning regulations and their implementation, including applying to have a third child, both nationally and provincially, particularly in Fujian and Guangdong (2017–October 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 October 2020
Accessed Date:
15 October 2020
Title:
Replies of China to the list of issues and questions in relation to its ninth periodic report
Source:
People's Republic of China
Date of Document:
9 March 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on China's periodic report for the 80th CEDAW Pre-Session: March 2021
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
March 2021
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to survivors, including mental health services (2020–September 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 September 2022
Accessed Date:
19 October 2022
Title:
Chine : Les comités de quartier : Focus sur leur rôle dans la mise en œuvre de la planification des naissances, notamment au Xinjiang
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
26 November 2020
Accessed Date:
19 October 2021
Title:
Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of China
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
31 May 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China orders 'interventions' to prevent teen and single-parent abortions
Date of Document:
10 February 2022
Author:
Qiao Long; Chingman
Accessed Date:
10 May 2022
Title:
Chinese Women from the Countryside: Views on Marriage
Source:
The Jamestown Foundation
Date of Document:
12 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
“Have You Considered Your Parents' Happiness?”: Conversion Therapy Against LGBT People in China
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 November 2017
Editor:
Graeme Reid et al.
Accessed Date:
15 October 2018
Title:
China: The situation of sexual and gender minorities (Update of the 2015 note)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 April 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Fading Rainbow: A Q&A on LGBTQ Equality in China
Source:
OutRight Action International
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Being LGBTI in China: A National Survey on Social Attitudes towards Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression
Source:
United Nations Development Programme
Accessed Date:
17 October 2016
Title:
“I need my parents' consent to be myself”: Barriers to gender-affirming treatments for transgender people in China
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 May 2019
Accessed Date:
22 October 2019
Title:
Precarious Progress: Advocacy for the Human Rights of LGBT People in China
Source:
OutRight Action International
Date of Document:
16 December 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
Positive attitudes toward LGBTQ People in Mainland China
Source:
University of California Los Angeles. School of Law Williams Institute.
Date of Document:
May 2024
Author:
Ilan H. Meyer et al.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
You Are on Our List: Urgent Support Needed for Chinese LGBTQ Activists at Risk
Source:
Outright International
Date of Document:
September 2024
Editor:
Darius Longarino et al.
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
China. Bribery & Corruption Laws and Regulations 2024.
Source:
Global Legal Insights
Date of Document:
7 December 2023
Editor:
Anneka Randhawa; Jonah Anderson
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
People's Republic of China (Hong Kong and Macau). Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. China.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
13 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
A Brief Introduction to the Chinese Judicial System and Court Hierarchy. Briefing Paper.
Author:
Yifan Wang et al.
Editor:
Pip Nicholson; Tim Lindsey
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
China: Summonses and subpoenas, including regulations and authorities responsible for issuance; content, appearance and security features; samples (2021–October 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 October 2023
Accessed Date:
20 October 2023
Title:
Home as Prison: The Increasing use of House Arrest in China
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
August 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Legislation and procedures regarding land expropriation in urban and rural areas; documentation issued in cases of land expropriation; recourse available to citizens who oppose land expropriation; state response to citizens who resist...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 October 2015
Accessed Date:
26 October 2015
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
Format of notices of detention (juliu tongzhishu拘留通知书)and notices of arrest (daibu tongzhishu逮捕通知书),including signatures, letterhead and information contained in the documents (2019-September 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 October 2021
Accessed Date:
29 October 2021
Title:
Situation and treatment of Chinese citizens who protest their land expropriation at the local level (2017-December 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 January 2020
Accessed Date:
29 July 2020
Title:
Drugged and Detained: China's psychiatric prisons
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
September 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
“Special Measures”: Detention and Torture in the Chinese Communist Party's Shuanggui System
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 December 2016
Editor:
Sophie Richardson et al.
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Replacement of CHN200326 on documents issued by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including Administrative Penalty Decision (APD) [also known as Administrative Punishment Decision] (xingzheng chufa juedingshu行政处罚决定书)and Confirmation of Release ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 October 2021
Accessed Date:
4 November 2021
Title:
Chine : Les peines encourues pour des infractions liées aux stupéfiants et l'existence du principe « ne bis in idem » dans la législation
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 April 2021
Accessed Date:
19 October 2021
Title:
Whether Chinese authorities issue prison visiting cards; the requirements and eligibility to obtain these cards; the rules and conditions for visiting a person in a prison; how visits are recorded.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 April 2012
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
Safeguarding National Security Ordinance
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Law of the People's Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
Barriers to Exercising Right to a Fair Trial in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China Amends the Counter-Espionage Law
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Author:
Adam Goldberg et al.
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China: Baseless Imprisonments Surge in Xinjiang
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 February 2021
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China: Xinjiang Official Figures Reveal Higher Prisoner Count
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 September 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
China: Imprisoned Tibetan Monk's Health in Peril
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 February 2022
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
China's False Freedom. Report Series: Access Denied #2.
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
China's amended criminal law strengthens punishment for bribers, graft in private firms
Date of Document:
4 March 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China's Legal Blockade. Report Series: Access Denied #3.
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
7 December 2021
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
Battered and Bruised: Why torture continues to stand at the heart of China's judicial system
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
Deaths in China's RSDL System Spark Domestic Calls for Reform
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
3 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Pursued for Life: Hong Kong's global hunt for fugitives, the National Security Law, and risk of INTERPOL misuse
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
Presumed Guilty: A briefing on data concerning arrests, prosecutions, and trials in China 2013-2020
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
China's Vanishing Suspects. Report Series: Access Denied #1.
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
Families in Fear: Collective Punishment in 21st Century China
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
December 2023
Author:
Zhiming Zhang; Dinah Gardner
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (amended 2020)
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
China: Police DNA Database Threatens Privacy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 May 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
China: Voice Biometric Collection Threatens Privacy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 October 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
No Room to Run: China's expanded mis(use) of INTERPOL since the rise of Xi Jinping
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
The Public Security Bureau (PSB) Golden Shield Project, including implementation and effectiveness; Policenet, including areas of operation; level and effectiveness of information sharing by the authorities (2010-February 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 March 2014
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
Structure of the public security police; whether witness protection programs exist for those fearing organized crime groups (2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 October 2014
Accessed Date:
30 October 2014
Title:
Tiger Chairs and Cell Bosses: Police Torture of Criminal Suspects in China
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 May 2015
Accessed Date:
14 October 2015
Title:
Whether authorities seize the passports, identity documents, or travel documents of persons who are the subject of a criminal summons, a police investigation, or criminal charges (2021–October 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 October 2023
Accessed Date:
20 October 2023
Title:
The use of computerized identity verification and facial recognition technology, including at airports and other transportation and public spaces (2019–October 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 October 2020
Accessed Date:
26 October 2020
Title:
Weaponizing Big Data: Decoding China's digital surveillance in Tibet
Source:
Turquoise Roof; Tibet Watch
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Monitoring of Chinese citizens outside of China, including Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) practitioners, by Chinese authorities; consequences upon return to China (2020–September 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 October 2022
Accessed Date:
27 October 2022
Title:
110 Overseas: Chinese Transnational Policing Gone Wild
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
September 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Patrol and Persuade: A follow-up investigation to 110 Overseas
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Policing East Turkistan: Mapping Police and Security Forces in the Uyghur Region
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project
Date of Document:
December 2023
Editor:
Henryk Szadziewski et al.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Masks Off, Barriers Remain: The Post-Covid Reporting Environment in China 2023. Foreign Correspondents' Club of China Report on Media Freedom in 2023.
Source:
Foreign Correspondents' Club of China
Date of Document:
8 April 2024
Accessed Date:
29 October 2024
Title:
China. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Editor:
Amelia Larson et al.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
The Great Leap Backwards of Journalism in China
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Author:
Cédric Alviani et al.
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
China: New guidelines intensify attack on freedom of expression in Taiwan
Date of Document:
28 June 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Surveillance and Censorship in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
Escalating repression in Hong Kong, anniversary of Tiananmen Massacre approaches, journalist released (May 2024)
Date of Document:
May 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Popular Chinese anti-fraud app slammed by Western media as tool to 'track access' to foreign websites
Date of Document:
15 September 2021
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Dissenting Voices: The State of Expression in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
The Chinese regime's fierce repression of journalists hidden behind a day of celebration
Source:
Reporters without Borders
Date of Document:
13 November 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
China. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2025 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
25 May 2025
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
ChinaAid's Annual Persecution Report 2024: January – December, 2024
Source:
China Aid Association
Date of Document:
1 February 2025
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Christian proselytism; treatment of Christians who proselytize, particularly in Guangdong and Fujian (2016-October 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 September 2018
Accessed Date:
26 October 2018
Title:
Chine: Les réincarnations de Iamas, appelés tulkus dans le bouddhisme vajrayana tibétain et « bouddhas vivants » par les autorités communistes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Treatment of members of house churches [also known as jiatang churches; jiatang congregations; family churches; home churches; unregistered churches], including Protestant, Catholic, and other Christian house churches, by the authorities; religiou...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 April 2025
Accessed Date:
29 April 2025
Title:
Falun Gong. 7th Translation Edition.
Accessed Date:
16 October 2018
Title:
Whether a person detained at an underground church meeting would have his or her name placed in the Public Security Bureau (PSB) databases
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 September 2015
Accessed Date:
26 October 2015
Title:
Falun Dafa (Falun Gong, Falungong); history, details of practice, organizational structures; treatment of practitioners; laws and practice regarding other non-recognized practices and religions
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 1999
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Information on the Disciples Society [Association of Disciples, Mentu Hui], including the founder, history, beliefs, and areas of activity; treatment of members by authorities (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 October 2017
Accessed Date:
27 October 2017
Title:
Information on the Olive Tree Church in Beijing and in Foshan, Guangdong Province, including founders, history, beliefs and areas of activity; treatment of members by authorities (2013-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 October 2017
Accessed Date:
27 October 2017
Title:
Zhuan Falun (English Version)
Date of Document:
March 2000
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
Background Paper. Protestants in China.
Source:
Australia. Refugee Review Tribunal.
Date of Document:
21 March 2013
Accessed Date:
17 October 2013
Title:
Backgrounder. Religion in China.
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
15 May 2024
Accessed Date:
29 October 2024
Accessed Date:
20 October 2014
Title:
Treatment of Guanyin Famen practitioners (Kuan Yin Famen, Guanyin Method, Quanyin Famen, Way of the Goddess of Mercy, Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association) (2014-August 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 August 2015
Accessed Date:
26 October 2015
Title:
Chine : Actions du gouvernement chinois contre les mouvements Falun Gong et Church of Almighty God (CAG)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 February 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
Measuring Religion in China
Source:
Pew Research Center
Date of Document:
30 August 2023
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
Canada and China: The Falun Dafa Association of Canada (FDAC); requirements for membership in the FDAC; whether there are genuine Falun Dafa practitioners who are not members of the FDAC; the process undertaken by the FDAC when someone requests a letter vouching for them as a genuine Falun Gong practitioner (2014-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 September 2016
Accessed Date:
28 October 2016
Title:
The Two Hand Positions for Sending Forth Righteous Thoughts
Date of Document:
12 June 2001
Accessed Date:
25 April 2023
Title:
Whether the readings at Roman Catholic mass are prescribed and consistent across all churches, including Chinese Catholic churches in Toronto; information on the Roman Catholic Initiation for Adults (RCIA), including its application...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 March 2011
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Treatment of Falun Gong practitioners by society and by state authorities, including treatment and monitoring outside of China and treatment upon return (2018–October 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 October 2020
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Christians. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
Doctrinal and denominational differences between registered and unregistered Protestant churches; whether members who practice in registered Protestant churches must pledge loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 October 2009
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Righteous Thoughts
Date of Document:
13 October 2002
Accessed Date:
17 October 2013
Title:
Treatment of Patriotic Christian Churches and church members by authorities, including the Public Security Bureau (PSB) (2016-August 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 August 2019
Accessed Date:
23 October 2019
Title:
The 'Shouters,' including origins and founders, core beliefs, activities, and treatment of members by authorities (2017-October 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 October 2019
Accessed Date:
29 October 2019
Title:
Factsheet: Sinicization of Religion: China's Coercive Religious Policy
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
September 2024
Author:
Dylan Schexnaydre
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Non-Christian religious groups. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
19 October 2021
Title:
The Church of Almighty God (CAG) (quan neng shen jiao 全能神教; Quannengshen 全能神), also known as 'Eastern Lightning' including its leaders, location and activities; treatment of members by authorities; religious texts used; whether all members have ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 October 2021
Accessed Date:
4 November 2021
Title:
Factsheet: Religious freedom in China. State-Controlled Religion and Religious Freedom Violations in China.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
Crime of Fraud: The New Era of Persecution Against Christians by the Chinese Communist Party
Source:
China Aid Association
Date of Document:
26 January 2024
Accessed Date:
25 October 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Falun Gong. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
China: Online hostility towards ‘underground' churches in Hebei amid COVID-19 outbreak
Date of Document:
February 2021
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China: Mosques Shuttered, Razed, Altered in Muslim Areas
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 November 2023
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
China Is Reversing Its Crackdown on Some Religions, but Not All
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
14 May 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Islam Dispossessed: China's Persecution of Uyghur Imams and Religious Figures
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project; Justice for All
Date of Document:
13 May 2021
Editor:
Elise Anderson et al.
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
Treatment of members of Christian Patriotic Churches, including the Protestant Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association (CCPA) [Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA)], by the authorities and ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 May 2022
Accessed Date:
26 May 2022
Title:
China: Freedom of religion or belief: the untold stories
Date of Document:
July 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
The Persecution of Unorthodox Religious Groups in China
Source:
Dui Hua Human Rights Journal
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
18 April 2024
Title:
Macau. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
25 October 2024
Title:
Tibet. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
25 October 2024
Title:
Xinjiang. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
25 October 2024
Title:
The Living Stone Assembly, Living Water Assembly, Living Water Rue Assembly, Pentecostal Living Water North Assembly, including activities and beliefs; procedures for baptism, certificate of baptism, including content and appearance, requirements an...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China: Religious Regulations Tighten for Uyghurs
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
31 January 2024
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
The 'Green Book' issued to Tibetans; how it is obtained and maintained, and whether holders enjoy rights equivalent to Indian citizenship (April 2006)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 April 2006
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Citizenship recognition, including voting rights, for children of Tibetan refugees born in India in the context of the December 2010 and December 2014 Delhi High Court rulings; August 2013 Karnataka High Court ruling; and children born to one...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 April 2015
Accessed Date:
28 May 2015
Title:
Residency rights of Tibetan refugees, including the requirements and procedures for Tibetan refugees to obtain a Registration Certificate; rights to employment, education, health care, and other social services; consequences for Tibetans without...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 January 2015
Accessed Date:
28 May 2015
Title:
China's New Counter-Terrorism Law: Implications and Dangers for Tibetans and Uyghurs
Source:
International Campaign for Tibet; International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
The Delhi High Court decision of 22 September 2016, on the rights of Tibetans to citizenship and access to passports, including implementation (August 2016-April 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 May 2017
Accessed Date:
25 May 2017
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Fourteenth to seventeenth reports of states parties, due in 2015.
Date of Document:
18 April 2017
Accessed Date:
22 October 2018
Title:
Tibet's Stateless Nationals III: The Status of Tibetan Refugees in India
Source:
Tibet Justice Center
Date of Document:
June 2016
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Relentless: Detention and Prosecution of Tibetans under China's “Stability Maintenance” Campaign
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 May 2016
Editor:
Sophie Richardson et al.
Accessed Date:
17 October 2016
Title:
Annual Report 2024: Human Rights Situation in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Submission to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 96th Session, 6-30 August 2018.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 July 2018
Accessed Date:
16 October 2018
Title:
Prisoners of Conscience in Tibet. Special Report 2016.
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights & Democracy
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
“Like we were enemies in a war”: China's mass internment, torture and persecution of Muslims in Xinjiang
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 June 2021
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
Asleep at the Wheel: Car Companies' Complicity in Forced Labor in China
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 February 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fourteenth to seventeenth periodic reports of China (including Hong Kong, China and Macao, China)
Code:
CERD/C/CHN/CO/14-17
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
Accessed Date:
22 October 2018
Title:
China Primer: Uyghurs. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
22 September 2023
Author:
Thomas Lum; Michael A. Weber
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
The architecture of repression: Unpacking Xinjiang's governance
Source:
Australian Strategic Policy Institute
Author:
Vicky Xiuzhong Xu et al.
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
China: Combat Anti-Black Racism on Social Media
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 August 2023
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China's Algorithms of Repression: Reverse Engineering a Xinjiang Police Mass Surveillance App
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 May 2019
Editor:
Sophie Richardson
Accessed Date:
15 October 2019
Title:
“Illegal Organizations”: China's Crackdown on Tibetan Social Groups
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 July 2018
Editor:
Sophie Richardson
Accessed Date:
15 October 2019
Title:
China: “Where are they?” Time for answers about mass detentions in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 September 2018
Accessed Date:
22 October 2019
Title:
Chine: situation des Ouïghour-e-s
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
4 October 2019
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
No Space Left to Run: China's Transnational Repression of Uyghurs
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project; Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs
Author:
Bradley Jardine et al.
Accessed Date:
4 April 2023
Title:
China, India, Nepal: Situation and treatment of Tibetans in China; treatment of returnees to China, including returnees from India and Nepal (2017–October 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 October 2020
Accessed Date:
21 October 2020
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a passport from abroad, particularly for Tibetans born in India between 1950 and 1987; requirements for a Tibetan to return to India from abroad (2017-May 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 June 2019
Accessed Date:
24 January 2020
Title:
Chine : Contrôle, surveillance et répression de la population tibétaine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 January 2020
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
The Uyghur Genocide: An Examination of China's Breaches of the 1948 Genocide Convention
Source:
Newlines Institute for Strategy and Policy; Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2021
Author:
Yonah Diamond et al.
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
Hearts and Lives Broken: The Nightmare of Uyghur Families Separated by Repression
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 March 2021
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
Chine : Surveillance et internement des Ouïghours, Kazakhs et autres membres des minorités musulmanes de la région autonome du Xinjiang
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 February 2020
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
China's Repression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
22 September 2022
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China: Hundreds of Uyghur Village Names Change
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 June 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Free Detained Tibetan Demonstrators
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
Arbitrary Detention of Taiwanese in China
Source:
Dui Hua Human Rights Journal
Date of Document:
26 August 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Chine : Les noms ouïghours
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 October 2019
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
“Ideological Transformation”: Records of Mass Detention from Qaraqash, Hotan
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project
Date of Document:
February 2020
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
“Break Their Lineage, Break Their Roots”: China's Crimes against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs and Other Turkic Muslims
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Stanford Law School. Mills Legal Clinic.
Date of Document:
19 April 2021
Editor:
Sophie Richardson
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
Hui Muslims and the “Xinjiang Model” of State Suppression of Religion
Source:
United States. Congressional-Executive Commission on China.
Date of Document:
March 2021
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Muslims (including Uyghurs in Xinjiang). Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
China. The Indigenous World 2025.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2025
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
29 April 2025
Title:
“To Make Us Slowly Disappear”: The Chinese Government's Assault on the Uyghurs
Source:
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide.
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
“Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds”: China's Forced Relocation of Rural Tibetans
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 May 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Phone Search Program Tramples Uyghur Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 May 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
Whether Tibetans who were born in India between 26 January 1950 and 1 July 1987 to former Tibetan residents are considered by Chinese authorities to have acquired foreign nationality at birth, or whether they are considered to be stateless ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 January 2022
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Issuance of Indian passports to Tibetans, including administrative rules and court rulings in place and whether they are effectively enforced; requirements and procedures for applying for citizenship and obtaining an Indian passport, including how ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 February 2022
Accessed Date:
26 May 2022
Title:
China: UN experts alarmed by separation of 1 million Tibetan children from families and forced assimilation at residential schools
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
6 February 2023
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
République populaire de Chine : La situation culturelle en Mongolie Intérieure
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 January 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
31 August 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
China: New Evidence of Mass DNA Collection in Tibet
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 September 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Situation of Hui Muslims and their treatment by society and authorities; state protection (2020–September 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 October 2022
Accessed Date:
27 October 2022
Title:
Counter-Terrorism Law (as amended in 2018)
Source:
China Law Translate
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 August 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Canada and China: Methods used by the Canadian consulates in China to deliver visas to applicants, including in-person, mail, or courier
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 November 2013
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
China/Hong Kong/Macao [Macau]: Documents required by Chinese nationals from Mainland China to enter and exit Hong Kong and Macao, including how the documents are processed by border officials (2012-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 January 2015
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Title:
Exit controls and security measures at airports, particularly Beijing airport, for Chinese citizens travelling overseas, including procedures at check points and the use of computerized identity verification and facial recognition ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 October 2019
Accessed Date:
24 October 2019
Title:
The People's Republic of China (PRC) Travel Document/Permit; what documents a PRC citizen needs to provide in order to obtain the PRC Travel Document/Permit
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 October 2009
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
China/Hong Kong: Requirements for entry to Hong Kong for Chinese citizens from Mainland China
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 November 2012
Accessed Date:
17 October 2013
Title:
Whether a Chinese national who is married to a permanent resident of Hong Kong would be able to acquire permanent residency status in Hong Kong
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 February 2008
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Temporary and permanent migration between provinces, including documentation needed and reporting requirements; whether citizens relocate without fulfilling official requirements and the effect on access to housing, employment, and health care...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 August 2012
Accessed Date:
21 February 2013
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain exit certificates; including issuing authority, processing time, and grounds for refusal as per the 2012 Exit and Entry Administration Law (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 February 2015
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Title:
China and the United States: Issuance procedures for visitor visas at the United States Embassy in Beijing, including whether a security check and fingerprints are part of the requirements; whether the visa can be obtained through a third party...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 June 2013
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
Ability of ethnic Tibetans who are Chinese citizens to obtain passports from inside of China and from embassies abroad (August 2013-September 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 March 2014
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
Whether citizens require an exit certificate to be issued by the Public Security Bureau in order to leave the country, including legislation (2013-February 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 February 2014
Accessed Date:
21 October 2014
Title:
No. 57. The Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China.
Accessed Date:
19 May 2016
Title:
Whether flights between Mainland China and Hong Kong or Macau are considered by authorities to be international flights (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 August 2016
Accessed Date:
26 October 2016
Title:
One Passport, Two Systems: China's Restrictions on Foreign Travel by Tibetans and Others
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 July 2015
Editor:
Sophie Richardson et al.
Accessed Date:
14 October 2015
Title:
Passenger information gathered by airlines for international flights to and from China (2014-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 March 2015
Accessed Date:
26 October 2015
Title:
Whether the US Embassy verifies personal information of visa applicants with Chinese authorities, including the Public Security Bureau (PSB) (2015-August 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 September 2017
Accessed Date:
27 October 2017
Title:
Weaponized Passports: the Crisis of Uyghur Statelessness
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
China, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom: Changes in China's recognition of the British National Overseas (BNO) [British National (Overseas) (BN(O))] passport for Hong Kong residents (2020–March 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2021
Accessed Date:
26 March 2021
Title:
Chasing Fox Hunt: Tracing the PRC's Forced Return Operations around the Globe
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Author:
Laura Harth; Yenting Chen
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Exit controls for individuals who have been issued a summons or previously completed a term of administrative detention and/or were fined under the Public Security Administration Punishment Law (PSAPL) ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 December 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Trapped: China's Expanding Use of Exit Bans
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
China: Travel for Uyghurs Heavily Restricted
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
3 February 2025
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 October 2024:
Title:
Présentation de la Chine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 April 2024
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/chine/presentation-de-la-chine/
Accessed Date:
22 October 2024
Title:
China. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 October 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china
Accessed Date:
22 October 2024
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: People's Republic of China
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
22 December 2021
URL:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/country-information-report-china-22122021.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 May 2022
Title:
China. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
3 September 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/china
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
China. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 April 2024
Title:
Congressional-Executive Commission on China: Annual Report 2023
Source:
United States. Congressional-Executive Commission on China.
Date of Document:
May 2024
URL:
https://www.cecc.gov/sites/evo-subsites/www.cecc.gov/files/2023%20CECC%20Annual%20Report_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 October 2024
Title:
China. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/china
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
China. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/China.html
Accessed Date:
22 October 2024
Title:
China Primer: China's Political System. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
29 January 2024
Author:
Susan V. Lawrence
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12505
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Chine : La situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 February 2015
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/150202_chn_min_sex_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 October 2016
Title:
People's Republic of China (Hong Kong and Macau). Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2022/china
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
China. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2024 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
1 May 2024
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/China.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
ChinaAid's Annual Persecution Report 2023: January – December, 2023
Source:
China Aid Association
Date of Document:
1 March 2024
URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YDAIcA-YIheSzbZhVdtMMXD8LJUBbfm1/view
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
Annual Report 2023: Human Rights Situation in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
URL:
https://tchrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TCHRD-English-report-final.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 April 2024
Title:
China. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/china/5365-iw-2024-china.html
Accessed Date:
18 April 2024
Title:
Chine/Tibet : différents noms de lieux géographiques et connaissance des unités administratives
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
2 December 2015
URL:
https://www.osar.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Herkunftslaenderberichte/Asien-Pazifik/China_inkl._tibetischer_Regionen/151202-chn-administrativeeinheiten-f.pdf
Accessed Date:
1 March 2016
Title:
Harassment & intimidation of individuals in Canada working on China-related human rights concerns
Source:
Amnesty International Canada
Date of Document:
March 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.ca/sites/default/files/Canadian%20Coalition%20on%20Human%20Rights%20in%20China%20-%20Harassment%20Report%20Update%20-%20Final%20Version.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 October 2020
Title:
English translations and update of the Regulations on Population and Family Planning for the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian and English translations of the Regulations on Population and Family Planning and the Rules for Implementation of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2019
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457769
Accessed Date:
29 October 2019
Title:
Why Divorcing an Abusive Spouse Remains an Uphill Struggle
Date of Document:
15 March 2021
Editor:
Cai Yiwen; Kilian O'Donnell
URL:
https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1006943/why-divorcing-an-abusive-spouse-remains-an-uphill-struggle
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
Plight and Prospects: The Landscape for Cause Lawyers in China
Source:
Leitner Center for International Law and Justice; Committee to Support Chinese Lawyers
URL:
http://leitnercenter.org/files/Plight%20and%20Prospects_FULL%20FOR%20WEB.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 May 2016
Title:
China Amends Criminal Law Related to Bribery and Corruption Amendments Reflect Ongoing Scrutiny Across Multiple Industries
Source:
Covington & Burling LLP
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.cov.com/-/media/files/corporate/publications/2024/01/china-amends-criminal-law-related-to-bribery-and-corruption.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 April 2024
Title:
Locked Up: Inside China's Secret RSDL Jails
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
URL:
https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Locked%20Up%20%28High%20Res%20version%29.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Title:
Predictive Policing in China: An Authoritarian Dream of Public Security
Source:
Naveiñ Reet: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research
URL:
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3700785
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
One Country, One Censor: How China undermines media freedom in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Source:
Committee to Protect Journalists
Date of Document:
16 December 2019
URL:
https://cpj.org/reports/2019/12/one-country-one-censor-china-hong-kong-taiwan-press-freedom/
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
China's Global Media Footprint: Democratic Responses to Expanding Authoritarian Influence
Source:
National Endowment for Democracy. International Forum for Democratic Studies.
Date of Document:
February 2021
URL:
https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chinas-Global-Media-Footprint-Democratic-Responses-to-Expanding-Authoritarian-Influence-Cook-Feb-2021.pdf?utm_source=forum&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=media%20cook
Accessed Date:
11 May 2021
Title:
The Battle for China's Spirit: Religious Revival, Repression, and Resistance under Xi Jinping
Date of Document:
February 2017
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/FH_ChinasSprit2016_FULL_FINAL_140pages.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Treatment of 'ordinary' Christian house church members by the Public Security Bureau (PSB), including treatment of children of house church members (2009-2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 October 2014
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455553&pls=1
Accessed Date:
30 October 2014
Title:
Treatment of members of house churches [also known as jiatang churches; jiatang congregations; family churches; home churches; unregistered churches], including Protestant, Catholic, and other Christian house churches, by the authorities; ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2021
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458462
Accessed Date:
4 November 2021
Title:
China: Nationwide crackdown on reading, writing and religion
Date of Document:
May 2021
URL:
https://docs-eu.livesiteadmin.com/dc3e323f-351c-4172-800e-4e02848abf80/2021-05-china---nationwide-crackdown-on-reading-writing-and-religion.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
“The Government Never Oppresses Us”: China's proof-of-life videos as intimidation and a violation of Uyghur family unity
Source:
Uyghur Human Rights Project
Date of Document:
2 February 2021
URL:
https://uhrp.org/report/the-government-never-oppresses-us-chinas-proof-of-life-videos-as-intimidation-and-a-violation-of-uyghur-family-unity/
Accessed Date:
20 October 2021
Title:
“Eradicating Ideological Viruses”: China's Campaign of Repression Against Xinjiang's Muslims
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 September 2018
Editor:
Sophie Richardson
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/09/09/eradicating-ideological-viruses/chinas-campaign-repression-against-xinjiangs
Accessed Date:
22 October 2018
Title:
Tibet Advocacy Coalition Submission to the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Source:
Tibet Advocacy Coalition
URL:
https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=725091a7f5df2cfa0d5c5ef6465245394ea6c6a6d2bd53b8b958b1ce70cb6413JmltdHM9MTczODgwMDAwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=31876717-30a5-6eb8-02f1-75b4319e6f74&psq=Tibet+Advocacy+Coalition+Submission+to+the+Pre-Sessional+Working+Group+
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
Submission to the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (UNCESCR)
Source:
Coalition to End Forced Labour in the Uyghur Region
Date of Document:
December 2020
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/DownloadDraft.aspx?key=EZTZLUde4ypiSQUXNK64A7qeFnbpT1bKJY4rry4eKJn4bb7pwA3vEajkDXNOj4CaOSmTUsDCBLowWdutr2dCRQ==
Accessed Date:
12 May 2021
Title:
Assaulting Identity: China's new coercive strategies in Tibet
Source:
Tibet Advocacy Coalition
Date of Document:
March 2021
URL:
https://tibetadvocacy.org/coalition/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/TAC_Assaulting-Identity_Tibet_Report_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
Involuntary Returns: China's covert operation to force ‘fugitives' overseas back home
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
18 January 2022
URL:
https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/INvoluntary%20Returns.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 May 2022
Title:
China. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
13 December 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/china
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of China
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
31 May 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/CHN/CO/9
Accessed Date:
19 October 2023
Title:
Weaponizing Big Data: Decoding China's digital surveillance in Tibet
Source:
Turquoise Roof; Tibet Watch
Date of Document:
February 2024
URL:
https://tibetwatch.org/weaponising-big-data-decoding-chinas-digital-surveillance-in-tibet/
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
A Threat to Canadian Sovereignty: National Security Dimensions of the Canada-People's Republic of China Relationship. Interim Report of the Special Committee on the Canada–People's Republic of China Relationship.
Source:
Canada. House of Commons.
Date of Document:
May 2023
URL:
https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/foreign_interference_commission/Documents/Exhibits_and_Presentations/Exhibits/CCC0000034.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. China: Modern slavery. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2024
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/china-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-china-modern-slavery-october-2024-accessible
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Japan: Chinese Authorities Harass Critics Abroad
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 October 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/09/japan-chinese-authorities-harass-critics-abroad
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China starts national digital ID trial barely a week after releasing draft plan
Source:
BiometricUpdate.com
Date of Document:
6 August 2024
URL:
https://www.biometricupdate.com/202408/china-starts-national-digital-id-trial-barely-a-week-after-releasing-draft-plan
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
Security features of birth certificates, including the meaning of the alphanumeric code (2000-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 January 2018
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457367
Accessed Date:
20 September 2018
Title:
It's time to abolish China's three-child policy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 February 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/22/its-time-abolish-chinas-three-child-policy
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
You Are on Our List: Urgent Support Needed for Chinese LGBTQ Activists at Risk
Source:
Outright International
Date of Document:
September 2024
Editor:
Darius Longarino et al.
URL:
https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/2024-10/Chinese_LGBTQ_Activists_at_Risk_Final.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/country/china
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Safeguarding National Security Ordinance
URL:
https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/capA305
Accessed Date:
15 April 2025
Title:
China's amended criminal law strengthens punishment for bribers, graft in private firms
Date of Document:
4 March 2024
URL:
http://en.moj.gov.cn/2024-03/04/c_967158.htm
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Deaths in China's RSDL System Spark Domestic Calls for Reform
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
3 September 2024
URL:
https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/deaths-chinas-rsdl-system-spark-domestic-calls-reform
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: New guidelines intensify attack on freedom of expression in Taiwan
Date of Document:
28 June 2024
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/china-new-guidelines-are-an-unacceptable-escalation-in-attack-on-taiwans-freedom-of-expression/
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Escalating repression in Hong Kong, anniversary of Tiananmen Massacre approaches, journalist released (May 2024)
Date of Document:
May 2024
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/china-media-bulletin/2024/escalating-repression-hong-kong-anniversary-tiananmen-massacre
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Popular Chinese anti-fraud app slammed by Western media as tool to 'track access' to foreign websites
Date of Document:
15 September 2021
URL:
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202109/1234296.shtml
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Dissenting Voices: The State of Expression in Tibet
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
Date of Document:
February 2025
URL:
https://tchrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/FOE-Report-.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
The Chinese regime's fierce repression of journalists hidden behind a day of celebration
Source:
Reporters without Borders
Date of Document:
13 November 2024
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/chinese-regime-s-fierce-repression-journalists-hidden-behind-day-celebration
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Chine: Les réincarnations de Iamas, appelés tulkus dans le bouddhisme vajrayana tibétain et « bouddhas vivants » par les autorités communistes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 September 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2409_chn_bouddhas_vivants_tulkus_163110_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Treatment of members of house churches [also known as jiatang churches; jiatang congregations; family churches; home churches; unregistered churches], including Protestant, Catholic, and other Christian house churches, by the authorities; religiou...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 April 2025
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=459025
Accessed Date:
29 April 2025
Title:
Factsheet: Sinicization of Religion: China's Coercive Religious Policy
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
September 2024
Author:
Dylan Schexnaydre
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2024-09/2024%20China%20Factsheet%20Sinicization.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China Is Reversing Its Crackdown on Some Religions, but Not All
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
14 May 2024
URL:
https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/china-reversing-its-crackdown-some-religions-not-all
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Asleep at the Wheel: Car Companies' Complicity in Forced Labor in China
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 February 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/02/01/asleep-wheel/car-companies-complicity-forced-labor-china
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Combat Anti-Black Racism on Social Media
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 August 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/16/china-combat-anti-black-racism-social-media
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Hundreds of Uyghur Village Names Change
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 June 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/06/18/china-hundreds-uyghur-village-names-change
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Arbitrary Detention of Taiwanese in China
Source:
Dui Hua Human Rights Journal
Date of Document:
26 August 2024
URL:
https://www.duihuahrjournal.org/
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
“Educate the Masses to Change Their Minds”: China's Forced Relocation of Rural Tibetans
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 May 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/05/22/educate-masses-change-their-minds/chinas-forced-relocation-rural-tibetans
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Counter-Terrorism Law (as amended in 2018)
Source:
China Law Translate
URL:
https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/counter-terrorism-law-2015/
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 August 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2408_chn_ethnie_yi_162355_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
Chasing Fox Hunt: Tracing the PRC's Forced Return Operations around the Globe
Source:
Safeguard Defenders
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Author:
Laura Harth; Yenting Chen
URL:
https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Chasing%20Fox%20Hunt.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
Title:
China: Travel for Uyghurs Heavily Restricted
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
3 February 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/02/03/china-travel-uyghurs-heavily-restricted
Accessed Date:
17 April 2025
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