National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 April 2022
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Congo-Kinshasa (République démocratique du Congo). L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
25 October 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
RDCongo – Province de Kinshasa – Carte administrative
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
March 2012
Accessed Date:
13 June 2016
Source:
United Nations. Organization Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Date of Document:
25 August 2003
Accessed Date:
17 April 2013
Title:
2.3 Democratic Republic of Congo Road Network. Logistics Capacity Assessment.
Source:
United Nations. World Food Programme.
Date of Document:
November 2015
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
1 November 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
ACAPS Crisis Analysis: DRC
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
18 April 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : Provinces de Tanganyika - Carte des contraintes d'accès au 14 février 2020
Source:
United Nations. World Food Programme.
Date of Document:
14 February 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
30 September 2021
Accessed Date:
29 April 2022
Title:
RD Congo - Nouvelle Carte Administrative.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
21 April 2015
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
République démocratique du Congo. 2022 Aperçu des besoins humanitaires.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
RDC : Situation sécuritaire au Kasaï (2016-2019)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): The situation in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri – Update
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
26 July 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
1 December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Sixth periodic report submitted by the Democratic Republic of the Congo under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant, due in 2013
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
30 October 2019
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Congo, DR. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : traitement des maladies mentales
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
19 June 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Medical Country of Origin Information.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Présentation de la République démocratique du Congo
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
17 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo, second quarter 2021: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
19 November 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Mise à jour sur la situation des droits de l'homme dans les territoires de Masisi et de Lubero, province du Nord-Kivu, du 1er janvier 2019 au 30 juin 2021
Source:
United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations. United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Date of Document:
12 November 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Suivi de la situation humanitaire. Province du Nord-Kivu, République démocratique du Congo : aperçu de la situation avril-juin 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Prise en compte des personnes handicapées dans la réponse humanitaire en RDC : Enquête CAP multisectorielle couplée avec les questions du Washington Group.
Source:
Oversee Advising Group
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Updates on the security situation in Kinshasa between 1 January 2020-30 June 2021
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office
Date of Document:
22 July 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Rebels, Doctors and Merchants of Violence. How the fight against Ebola became part of the conflict in eastern DRC
Source:
New York University. Congo Research Group.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
RD Congo : Eruption volcanique à Goma Rapport de situation #16 14 juin 2021
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
14 June 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : accès à des soins psychiatriques
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
28 February 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
2 June 2020
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
RDC : Rapport d'analyse mensuelle - Région : Sud-Est (Tanganyika, Haut-Katanga, Lualaba)
Source:
United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees; Protection Cluster
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Final report of the Groupe of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
10 June 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Protection des civils : Violations des droits de l'homme documentées dans les provinces affectées par les conflits, novembre 2021
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Date of Document:
6 January 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: Massacres Persist Despite Martial Law
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Position on Returns to North Kivu, South Kivu, Ituri and Adjacent Areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Affected by Ongoing Conflict and Violence – Update II
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Midterm report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
23 December 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. World Report 2022: Events of 2021.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Human rights situation and the activities of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
15 July 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Recours illégal, injustifié et disproportionné à la force lors de la gestion des manifestations publiques en République Démocratique du Congo de janvier 2017 à janvier 2018
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
19 July 2018
Title:
Report of the team of international experts on the situation in Kasai
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
20 August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
A Tool to silence: Torture to crush dissent in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Source:
Freedom from Torture
Date of Document:
November 2018
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/33/COD/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
19 February 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Democratic Republic of The Congo. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Détérioration de la situation des droits de l'homme dans le Masisi et le Lubero (Nord-Kivu) et défis relatifs à la protection des civils entre janvier 2017 et octobre 2018
Source:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Date of Document:
December 2018
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Democratic Republic of Congo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/33/COD/1
Source:
Democratic Republic of Congo
Date of Document:
27 February 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Compilation on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/33/COD/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 March 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Report on violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the Allied Democratic Forces armed group and by members of the defense and security forces in Beni territory, North Kivu province and Irumu and Mambasa territories, Ituri provin...
Source:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo et al.
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Peace & Security Report. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Conflict Insights.
Source:
Addis Ababa University. Institute for Peace & Security Studies.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Jesutimilehin O. Akamo
Editor:
Mesfin Gebremichael; Cynthia Happi
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Loi n° 04/024 du 12 novembre 2004 relative à la nationalité congolaise
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
16 November 2012
Title:
Arrêté ministériel n° 261/CAB/MIN/J/2006 du 04 juillet 2006 portant certaines mesures d'exécution de la Loi n° 04/024 du 12 novembre 2004 relative à la nationalité congolaise
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
17 April 2013
Title:
Whether a birth, marriage or death certificate can be obtained by a person residing outside the country; the procedure to follow and the fees required
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2011
Accessed Date:
16 November 2012
Title:
Whether a foreign national who acquired Congolese citizenship through marriage can regain Congolese nationality; if so, the procedure for regaining Congolese nationality; whether a child born outside the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 April 2012
Accessed Date:
29 April 2013
Title:
The biometric passport, including its appearance and security features; requirements and procedure for obtaining a biometric passport from inside and outside the country (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 July 2018
Accessed Date:
26 July 2018
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.). U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Chapitre 2 : De la Nationalité. Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo.
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
17 April 2013
Title:
Registry Report on Proof of Identity Documents Available in the DRC
Source:
International Criminal Court
Accessed Date:
15 April 2014
Title:
The biometric driver's licence, its appearance and the procedures to obtain and renew it (2014-April 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 April 2015
Accessed Date:
28 April 2015
Title:
Whether a document called a Certificate of Lost Documents [attestation de perte de pièces] is accepted as a means of identification; if so, the date that this measure came into force; information on the certificate, including whether lost ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2013
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
Voter cards, their appearance, security features and uses; requirements and procedures for obtaining a voter card (2014-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 July 2018
Accessed Date:
30 July 2018
Title:
Prevalence and availability of fraudulent identity, administrative and legal documents (2020–March 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 March 2022
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
The existence of a mandatory stamp on administrative documents
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 May 2011
Accessed Date:
16 November 2012
Title:
Requirements and procedures for the restoration of Congolese nationality after it was lost; the possibility for persons born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who were raised outside of the country to reacquire Congolese nationality...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 March 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2020
Title:
The consequences of living without civil status documents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), including birth, marriage or other certificates, as well as education documents; whether persons who are not registered with the civil ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 April 2020
Accessed Date:
11 May 2020
Title:
Civil status documents, including birth certificates, birth certificate extracts, birth registry extracts, certificates of notoriety in lieu of birth certificates (actes de notoriété supplétifs à un acte de naissance), suppletory judgments ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 April 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2021
Title:
Service passports, including the required documentation and procedure for employees of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (ministère de l'Environnement et Développement durable, MEDD) to obtain; mission orders, including ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
République Démocratique du Congo. Situation politique. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
17 December 2019
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
The Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social, UDPS), including its political agenda, structure and leaders; documents issued to members; relations with the government and treatment of members by...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 July 2018
Accessed Date:
31 July 2018
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
30 April 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
La RDC face à la démobilisation politique : Perte de confiance et risque d'une abstention élevée
Source:
Congo Research Group; Bureau d'études, de recherche et de consulting international
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. Election for President of 30 December 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. Election for Assemblée Nationale (Congolese National Assembly) of 30 December 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
The Bundu dia Kongo (BDK) movement, including its political agenda, structure, offices and documents issued to members; relations with the government and with other political parties; treatment of members by the authorities (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 July 2018
Accessed Date:
30 July 2018
Title:
Treatment of opposition members, clergy members and members of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social, UDPS) since the 2018 elections (July 2019-January 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 February 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Democratic Republic of Congo: Opposition to government. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2019
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Treatment by the authorities of those who protested in 2017 and 2018 for the enforcement of the 31 December 2016 New Year's Eve political agreement (accord de la Saint-Sylvestre) (2017–April 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 April 2019
Accessed Date:
15 April 2020
Title:
DR Congo: Post-Election Killings Test New President
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 February 2019
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
DR Congo: Voter Suppression, Violence
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 January 2019
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
RDC : Information sur le Mouvement Lumumbiste Progressive (MLP). L'arrestation du président du parti Franck Diongo et la situation actuelle de ses partisans
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
14 August 2018
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Membership cards for the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), including the content of these cards; who can issue UDPS membership cards and whether any new cards have been issued since 2010 (2010-July 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 July 2013
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC): Political Opponents, journalists, activists.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
16 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
'It's not all about the land': Land disputes and conflict in the eastern Congo
Source:
Rift Valley Institute
Date of Document:
September 2016
Author:
Gillian Mathys; Koen Vlassenroot
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Union for the Congolese Nation (Union pour la nation congolaise, UNC), including origins, structure, political platform, and leadership; information on membership cards and fees; treatment of UNC members by authorities (2011 - September 2015).
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 September 2015
Accessed Date:
22 July 2016
Title:
Loi No 17/013 du 24 décembre 2017modifiant et complétant la loi No 06/006 du 09 mars 2006 portant organisation des élections présidentielle, législatives, provinciales, urbaines, municipales et locales telle que modifiée à ce jour
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
Loi No. 07/008 du 2007 portant statut de l'opposition politique
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
DR Congo: No Grace Period for the New Government
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
5 May 2021
Author:
Onesphore Sematumba
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Treatment by authorities of political opponents, including those who are members of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social, UDPS) or the Common Front for Change (Front commun pour le Congo, FCC...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2022
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
The political situation, including ties between the current and previous governments; ties between state institutions and the former government (2020–March 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Dismissed! Victims of 2015-2018 brutal crackdowns in the Democratic Republic of Congo denied justice
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
DR Congo: Bloody Crackdown on Political Religious Group
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
19 May 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
République Démocratique du Congo. Le bilan de début de mandat de Félix Tshisekedi : Son alliance avec Kabila, la situation des partisans de l'UDPS des opposants, de la société civile et la question de l'impunité
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 April 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Information on anti-governmental demonstrations in Kinshasa between March 2018 and September 2019, including information on documented cases of persecution of persons participating in th...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
2 December 2019
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Background on the current political situation in the DRC; Current Security situation in Kinshasa, control of territory, presence and activities of state and non-state armed groups; Information...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
26 November 2019
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
National Legal Requirements: Prosecution of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Democratic Republic of Congo
Source:
Centre for International Law Research and Policy. Case Matrix Network.
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
Domestic and sexual violence, including treatment of survivors; legislation; state protection and support services (2019–March 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 March 2021
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Early or forced marriages, including among women and girls; prevalence, related legislation, and the ability to refuse such a marriage; state protection and support services (2019–March 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 April 2021
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Gender And Conflict Analysis: Tushinde Ujeuri
Source:
USAID Counter Gender-Based Violence Program; IMA World Health; Search for Common Ground
Date of Document:
August 2018
Author:
Sedera Arnaud Rajoelison
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of: Situation of single women.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
25 June 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Gender-Based Violence and Discrimination against Women and Girls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Report for the UN Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
Source:
MADRE; Female Solidarity for Integrated Peace and Development (SOFEPADI)
Date of Document:
October 2018
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Loi modifiant et complétant la loi N°87-010 du 1er aout 1987 portant code de la famille
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
“All that I have lost”: Impact of Attacks on Education for Women and Girls in Kasai Central Province Democratic Republic of Congo
Source:
Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Marriage practices among the Luba, including frequency of forced marriage for adult women, as well as the possibility for a person to marry someone of a different ethnicity or from a different region; recourse available to Luba women in cases...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 May 2014
Accessed Date:
14 April 2015
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Gender Based Violence. Version 2.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
The prevalence of ritual female genital mutilation (FGM), including in ethnic groups in which FGM is common; the consequences of refusal; state protection and support services (2017–August 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 August 2019
Accessed Date:
15 April 2020
Title:
Children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
19 October 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Loi n° 15/013 du 1er août 2015 portant modalités d'application des droits de la femme et de la parité
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Conflict-related sexual violence
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Critical Need for a Comprehensive Response to Address the Needs of Survivors
Source:
Doctors Without Borders
Date of Document:
July 2021
Author:
Drew Aiken; Diletta Salviati
Editor:
Frédéric Janssens; Natasha Lewer; Lisa Veran
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
État des lieux du système de protection de l'enfant et de la formation des policiers, du personnel judiciaire et des travailleurs sociaux en République démocratique du Congo
Source:
International Bureau for Children's Rights
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
République démocratique du Congo. Panorama du pays: Un rapport sur l'échelle, l'ampleur et le contexte de l'exploitation sexuelle des enfants.
Source:
ECPAT International
Date of Document:
December 2021
Author:
Valentine Josenhans; Elise Montois
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Ability to resettle in Kinshasa, particularly for women without male support, including access to housing, jobs and public services (2016-August 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 September 2019
Accessed Date:
15 April 2020
Title:
The situation of human rights activists, including women's and children's rights activists; treatment by the authorities and by society (July 2019-March 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2020
Title:
Traditional practices of tshibindi and tshibawu in Kasai, including the purpose of these practices and consequences of refusing to follow them (2012-March 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 April 2020
Accessed Date:
28 April 2020
Title:
DR Congo: Gangs Kidnap, Rape in National Park
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 July 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Education & child protection challenges in Eastern DRC
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo): Information on the situation of women without a male support network in Kinshasa (2017-2019).
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
5 December 2019
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Situation of widows and single women in Kinshasa; Social perception of women accused of witchcraft in Kinshasa; Documented cases of women of witchcraft in Kinshasa and access to the state protection.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
7 November 2019
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including: Conflict related sexual violence, sexual and domestic violence, trafficking, traditional harmful practices; Legal framework (nationa...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
10 July 2019
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
The impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak response on women and girls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
17 December 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
CARE analyse rapide de genre – COVID 19 DRC - Nord Kivu, Sud Kivu & Kinshasa
Source:
Care International in DRC
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Françoise Lumbulumbu Kabuo
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: No advancement - efforts made but complicit in forced child labor
Source:
United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
DR Congo: New Findings on Prison Mass Rape
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : les femmes victimes de la traite des êtres humains à des fins d'exploitation sexuelle
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo Democratic Republic of Congo: Sorcery , Witchcraft.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Treatment of individuals based on their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and/or sex characteristics (SOGIESC) by society and authorities, including legislation, state protection and support services (2020–February 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 March 2022
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Human Rights Violations Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) People in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Source:
Mouvement pour la promotion du respect et égalité des droits et santé et al.
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
République démocratique du Congo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of: LGBT people in DRC.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
9 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Congo Democratic Republic of the: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
14 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Operational Review of Exposure to Corrupt Practices in Humanitarian Aid Implementation Mechanisms in the DRC
Source:
Adam Smith International
Date of Document:
July 2020
Author:
Nicole Henze; François Grünewald; Sharanjeet Parmar
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
A Criminal State: Understanding and countering institutionalized corruption and violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Violent Kleptocracy Series: East & Central Africa.
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
“Kuluna” gangs, including areas where they have influence; government efforts against them, including effectiveness and resources available; state protection available to victims and its effectiveness (2013-August 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 August 2017
Accessed Date:
25 February 2019
Title:
Guest Blog: Explaining the violence in Yumbi
Source:
Congo Research Group
Date of Document:
24 April 2019
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Layered Insecurity in North Kivu: Violence and the Ebola Response
Source:
The Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project
Date of Document:
26 October 2018
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Country Reports on Terrorism 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Mineral Concessions: Avoiding Conflict in DR Congo's Mining Heartland. Africa Report No 290.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 June 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
DR Congo: Ending the Cycle of Violence in Ituri. Africa Report N°292.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
15 July 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
DR Congo: Wanted Warlord Preys on Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 October 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
République Démocratique du Congo : La milice Ngilima (ou Bangirima) dans la région de Béni
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
République Démocratique du Congo : Informations sur les exactions imputées au mouvement BDK/ BDM et les armes utilisées par ses adeptes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 April 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Criminels ou justiciers ? Les Kuluna, gangs de République démocratique du Congo
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
May 2021
Author:
Marc-André Lagrange; Thierry Vircoulon
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Congo Investigation a Chance to Fight Corruption
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo: Les Raïa Mutomboki à Katember et Lwatamba. Leur présence dans ces localités en 2019-2020 et le recrutement forcé d'enfants.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 February 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): State measures towards organised criminal networks, in particular diamond dealers and Kuluna gangs, and state response to their victims.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
31 August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
The Landscape of Armed Groups in Eastern Congo: Missed Opportunities, Protracted Insecurity and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Congo Research Group
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Christoph Vogel et al.
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : Les gangs de Kuluna à Kinshasa
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
14 December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
The Accountability Landscape in Eastern DRC: Analysis of the National Legislative and Judicial Response to International Crimes (2009–2014)
Source:
International Center for Transitional Justice
Date of Document:
July 2015
Author:
Sofia Candeias et al.
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Accountability for Human Rights Violations and Abuses in the DRC: Achievements, Challenges and Way forward (1 January 2014 - 31 March 2016)
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Prison conditions in Kinshasa, including the treatment of prisoners (2015–June 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 June 2017
Accessed Date:
28 July 2017
Title:
Customary chiefs, including their authority, regions where they are present and their legal recognition; how to become a customary chief, including the need for human sacrifice; consequences of refusing to become a customary chief; state protection
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 May 2014
Accessed Date:
14 April 2015
Title:
Loi organique no. 13/011-B du 2013 portant organisation, fonctionnement et compétences des juridictions de l'ordre judiciaire
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
Loi No. 14/006 du 2014 portant amnistie pour faits insurrectionnels, faits de guerre et infractions politiques
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
Loi nº 15/022 du 31 décembre 2015 modifiant et complétant le Décret du 30 janvier 1940 portant Code pénal
Source:
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Accessed Date:
27 April 2020
Title:
Update: Overview of the Legal System of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Research
Date of Document:
August 2020
Author:
Dunia P. Zongwe et al.
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
DR Congo: Prisons Face Covid-19 Catastrophe
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 April 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Judiciary documents, including summonses to appear (mandats de comparution), bench warrants (mandats d'amener) and arrest warrants (mandats d'arrêt); issuing authorities; features of judiciary documents, including contents and appearance; sample...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Requirements and procedures for filing a criminal complaint, including documents received by the complainant; whether the complaint file is accessible to the complainant, including the procedure to obtain a copy of the file in the country and ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 July 2017
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
Title:
The notices to appear issued by the National Intelligence Agency (Agence nationale de renseignements, ANR) in Kinshasa, including the information indicated on them, the office and rank of the issuing authority, the circumstances in which they ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 December 2013
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Putting everyday police life at the centre of reform in Bukavu
Date of Document:
March 2018
Author:
Michel Thill; Robert Njangala; Josaphat Musamba
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
The National Intelligence Agency (Agence nationale de renseignements, ANR), including its mission, structure, territorial jurisdictions, co-operation with other state actors, and the documents it issues (2017-July 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 July 2019
Accessed Date:
25 July 2019
Title:
État des lieux de la réforme de l'armée et rôle de la société civile dans la supervision du secteur de la défense
Source:
Réseau pour la Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité et de Justice; African Security Sector Network
Date of Document:
June 2021
Author:
Emmanuel Kabengele Kalonji
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: Authorities Foundering on Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 July 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
State of Internet Freedom Democratic Republic of the Congo 2019: Mapping Trends in Government Internet Controls, 1999-2019
Source:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Rapport 2021: Mauvais temps pour la presse en RDC.
Source:
Journaliste en danger (JED) et al.
Date of Document:
2 November 2020
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Police violence against reporters, media outlet, during protest in Kinshasa
Source:
Reporters without borders
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
L'islam radical en République démocratique du Congo : Entre mythe et manipulation
Source:
Institut français des relations internationales
Date of Document:
February 2017
Author:
Jean Battory; Thierry Vircoulon
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
RDC : Le Comité Laïc de Coordination (CLC) et ses marches pacifiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 October 2018
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
The treatment of the Banyamulenge living in the provinces of North Kivu and South Kivu, as well as in Kinshasa (2014-August 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 August 2015
Accessed Date:
27 July 2016
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. The Indigenous World 2021.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Felena Rakotovao et al.
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo: The Bangolo and Mungala ethnic groups, including treatment by society and authorities (1997-January 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 July 2016
Title:
DR Congo: No Justice for 2018 Yumbi Massacres
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
19 December 2019
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Information on the process/practice of becoming a traditional chief in the Kinshasa province and how this title of ‘chief' is passed along or inherited (2015-2019); Information on the potentia...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
19 December 2019
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC): Information on the so-called 2018 Yumbi massacre.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
1 October 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: Neglected Massacre of Indigenous Group
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 February 2022
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo/Burundi/Rwanda: Travel between these countries, including whether a passport is required to travel between them, and other documents used for travel
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Accessed Date:
12 December 2012
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo: Cash Aid for Congolese Deported from Angola
Source:
International Committee of the Red Cross
Date of Document:
17 December 2018
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Democratic Republic of Congo: Unsuccessful asylum seekers. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda: Ability to travel from Burundi to bordering countries, including the documents required for travel and obstacles encountered at the border (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 March 2017
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda: Activities of Burundian militias in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Uganda, including relationship with Burundian refugees (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 March 2017
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
Conflict and Displacement in the Kasai
Source:
International Refugee Rights Initiative
Date of Document:
January 2018
Author:
Thijs Van Laer et al.
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
Entry and exit procedures at the NDjili [N'Djili] International Airport [Aéroport International de Ndjili] in Kinshasa (2017-July 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2019
Accessed Date:
23 July 2019
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo: The treatment of their nationals returning to the country by the national authorities. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
23 July 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Query response on DR Congo: Internal relocation opportunities to Kinshasa (opportunities to settle, institutional support, housing, employment opportunities)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
18 November 2021
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 April 2021:
Title:
Congo-Kinshasa (République démocratique du Congo). L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
28 November 2016
URL:
http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/czaire.htm
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
September 2020
URL:
https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/MONUSCO.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
ACAPS Crisis Analysis: DRC
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
21 April 2021
URL:
https://www.acaps.org/country/drc/crisis/complex-crisis
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 April 2021
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : Provinces de Tanganyika - Carte des contraintes d'accès au 17 avril 2018
Source:
United Nations. World Food Programme.
Date of Document:
17 April 2018
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/cod_accessconstraints_tanganyika_a3l_20180417.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
République démocratique du Congo. 2020 Aperçu des besoins humanitaires.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
December 2019
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/drc_hno_2019_fr.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The situation in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
August 2019
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2014135/DRC+Country+Report_Kivus+Ituri_August+2019_Final.PDF
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Congo, DR
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
URL:
https://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report-COD.html
Accessed Date:
29 April 2020
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Medical Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
December 2020
URL:
https://coi.easo.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2020_DRC_MedCOI_report.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Protection des civils : Violations des droits de l'homme documentées dans les provinces affectées par les conflits
Source:
United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the DRC (UNJHRO) MONUSCO – OHCHR
Date of Document:
October 2020
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Protection%20des%20civils%20-%20Violations%20des%20droits%20de%20l%E2%80%99homme%20document%C3%A9es%20dans%20les%20provinces%20affect%C3%A9es%20par%20les%20conflits%2C%20octobre%202020.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. World Report 2021: Events of 2020.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/democratic-republic-congo
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of The Congo. Amnesty International Report 2020/21: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 April 2021
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL1032022021ENGLISH.PDF
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.). U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/CongotheDemocraticRepublicofthe.html
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Congo Democratic Republic of the: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Country Reports on Terrorism 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
October 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2018/#DRC
Accessed Date:
17 April 2020
Title:
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. International Religious Freedom Report for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 June 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-report-on-international-religious-freedom/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo. The Indigenous World 2019.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2019
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/documents-and-publications/documents/4-the-indigenous-world-2019/file
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo: The treatment by national authorities of their citizens returning to Congo. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
20 January 2020
URL:
https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_rdc._the_treatment_by_national._20200120.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
29 September 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2020/951
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/S/2020/1150
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
21 September 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2020/919
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Situation sécuritaire dans la province du Haut-Katanga de janvier à décembre 2017
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 February 2018
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/9.didr_republique_democratique_du_congo_situation_securitaire_dans_la_province_du_haut-katanga_de_janvier_a_decembre_2017_ofpra.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 July 2019
Title:
Human rights situation and the activities of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 August 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/45/49
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Rapport de mission en République démocratique du Congo (RDC)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
April 2014
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rapport_de_mission_rdc_2014.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 August 2014
Title:
Prevalence and availability of fraudulent identity, administrative and legal documents (2011-February 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 April 2014
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455256&pls=1
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
The Landscape of Armed Groups in the Eastern Congo: Fragmented, politicized networks
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Congo Research Group
Date of Document:
7 December 2017
Author:
Jason Stearns; Christoph Vogel
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/landscape-armed-groups-eastern-congo-fragmented-politicized
Accessed Date:
12 July 2018
Title:
Boulevard of Broken Dreams: The 'Street' and Politics in DR Congo. Africa Briefing N°123.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
13 October 2016
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/boulevard-broken-dreams-street-and-politics-dr-congo
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo: Confronting outbreaks of violence and political unrest in order to safeguard democratic change.
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
March 2017
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/drc_joint_position_paper_march2017.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
The coalition of opposition political parties, including political parties that are members of the coalition; the treatment of coalition members by the authorities (2016-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 July 2017
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457149
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
Title:
Report on Human Rights Violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Context of the Events of 19 December 2016
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
February 2017
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/UNJHRODecember2016_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 July 2018
Title:
Forced marriages in Kinshasa, including prevalence, protection provided by civil society and the state, and recourse for women if the police refuse to register their complaint or pursue it (2010-October 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 October 2013
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455215&pls=1
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Report of the Secretary-General on conflict-related sexual violence.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
3 June 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/s/2020/487
Accessed Date:
26 April 2021
Title:
Focus RD Congo : Situation des femmes seules à Kinshasa
Source:
Swiss Confederation. State Secretariat for Migration.
Date of Document:
15 January 2016
URL:
https://www.sem.admin.ch/dam/data/sem/internationales/herkunftslaender/afrika/cod/COD-alleinst-frauen-f.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 July 2016
Title:
Basic profile of child marriage in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Health, nutrition, and population (HNP) knowledge brief: child marriage series.
Date of Document:
March 2016
Author:
Chata Malé; Quentin Wodon
URL:
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/448331467831741265/Basic-profile-of-child-marriage-in-the-Democratic-Republic-of-Congo
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Situation of sexual minorities, including legislation and treatment by society and the authorities; state protection and support services (2011-Feb. 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 April 2014
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455274&pls=1
Accessed Date:
29 April 2014
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
12 March 2020
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Country/CongoDemocraticRepublic/Content/Detail/Report/7d678bd1-9632-4141-8161-182e68c43a74
Accessed Date:
27 April 2020
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : Informations concernant la corruption en République démocratique du Congo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
September 2016
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1609_cod_corruption_didrcedoca.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
State of Internet Freedom in Democratic Republic of the Congo 2016: Charting Patterns in the Strategies African Governments Use to Stifle Citizens' Digital Rights
Source:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa
Date of Document:
December 2016
Editor:
Ashnah Kalemera et al.
URL:
http://cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=234
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Rapport annuel 2020 : La Liberté de la Presse sous le signe du Coronavirus. Le retour des prédateurs.
Source:
Journaliste en danger (JED) et al.
Date of Document:
November 2020
URL:
http://jed-afrique.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/JED-Rapport-Annuel-2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2021
Title:
Implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
30 September 2021
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/S/2021/836
Accessed Date:
29 April 2022
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
1 December 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2021/987
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Présentation de la République démocratique du Congo
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/republique-democratique-du-congo/presentation-de-la-republique-democratique-du-congo/
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
17 September 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2021/807
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of Congo, second quarter 2021: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
19 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2065280/2021q2DemocraticRepublicofCongo_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Mise à jour sur la situation des droits de l'homme dans les territoires de Masisi et de Lubero, province du Nord-Kivu, du 1er janvier 2019 au 30 juin 2021
Source:
United Nations. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations. United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Date of Document:
12 November 2021
URL:
https://monusco.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/bcnudh_rapport_sur_la_protection_des_civils_masisi_et_lubero_janvier_2019_a_juin_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Suivi de la situation humanitaire. Province du Nord-Kivu, République démocratique du Congo : aperçu de la situation avril-juin 2021
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/REACH_RDC_SO_Suivi-de-la-situation-au-Nord-Kivu_avril-juin-2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Prise en compte des personnes handicapées dans la réponse humanitaire en RDC : Enquête CAP multisectorielle couplée avec les questions du Washington Group.
Source:
Oversee Advising Group
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/rapport_enquete_cap_wqg-hi_rdc_diffuse_ok.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Updates on the security situation in Kinshasa between 1 January 2020-30 June 2021
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office
Date of Document:
22 July 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2056515/EASO+COI+Query+Response+-+DRC+-+Security+situation.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Rebels, Doctors and Merchants of Violence. How the fight against Ebola became part of the conflict in eastern DRC
Source:
New York University. Congo Research Group.
Date of Document:
August 2021
URL:
https://www.congoresearchgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/report-ebola-crg-rebels-doctors-and-merchants-of-violence-how-the-fight-against-ebola-became-part-of-the-conflits-in-eastern-drc-en-2.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
RD Congo : Eruption volcanique à Goma Rapport de situation #16 14 juin 2021
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
14 June 2021
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/rapport_hebdomadaire_eruptionvolcanique_14juin2021_public.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : accès à des soins psychiatriques
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
28 February 2022
URL:
https://www.refugeecouncil.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Herkunftslaenderberichte/Afrika/Kongo_DR_Kinshasa/220228_DRC_soins_psychiatriques.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
2 June 2020
URL:
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N20/114/17/PDF/N2011417.pdf?OpenElement
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Final report of the Groupe of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
10 June 2021
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/S/2021/560
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: Massacres Persist Despite Martial Law
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 September 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/15/dr-congo-massacres-persist-despite-martial-law
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Human rights situation and the activities of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
15 July 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/48/47
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Report of the team of international experts on the situation in Kasai
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
20 August 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/48/82
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Peace & Security Report. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Conflict Insights.
Source:
Addis Ababa University. Institute for Peace & Security Studies.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Jesutimilehin O. Akamo
Editor:
Mesfin Gebremichael; Cynthia Happi
URL:
https://media.africaportal.org/documents/DRC-Conflict-Insights-23042021.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Prevalence and availability of fraudulent identity, administrative and legal documents (2020–March 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 March 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458568
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Service passports, including the required documentation and procedure for employees of the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development (ministère de l'Environnement et Développement durable, MEDD) to obtain; mission orders, including ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458574
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
La RDC face à la démobilisation politique : Perte de confiance et risque d'une abstention élevée
Source:
Congo Research Group; Bureau d'études, de recherche et de consulting international
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://www.globalnewsrdc.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/rapport-sondage-gec-berci-la-rdc-face-a-la-demobilisation-politique-perte-de-confiance-et-risque-d-une-abstention-elevee-fr-1-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC): Political Opponents, journalists, activists.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
16 September 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2060546/2021_09_Q32_EASO_COI_Query_Response_DRC_Opponents_Journalists.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: No Grace Period for the New Government
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
5 May 2021
Author:
Onesphore Sematumba
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-no-grace-period-new-government
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Treatment by authorities of political opponents, including those who are members of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social, UDPS) or the Common Front for Change (Front commun pour le Congo, FCC...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458583
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
The political situation, including ties between the current and previous governments; ties between state institutions and the former government (2020–March 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458579
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of: Situation of single women.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
25 June 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2054559/2021_06_EASO_COI_QUERY_DRC_SINGLE_WOMEN.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Conflict-related sexual violence
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/s/2022/272
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Critical Need for a Comprehensive Response to Address the Needs of Survivors
Source:
Doctors Without Borders
Date of Document:
July 2021
Author:
Drew Aiken; Diletta Salviati
Editor:
Frédéric Janssens; Natasha Lewer; Lisa Veran
URL:
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/sites/default/files/documents/Report_Sexual%20Violence%20in%20DRC%20.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo. Panorama du pays: Un rapport sur l'échelle, l'ampleur et le contexte de l'exploitation sexuelle des enfants.
Source:
ECPAT International
Date of Document:
December 2021
Author:
Valentine Josenhans; Elise Montois
URL:
https://ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ECO_DRC_FINAL_29November2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: New Findings on Prison Mass Rape
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/20/dr-congo-new-findings-prison-mass-rape
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : les femmes victimes de la traite des êtres humains à des fins d'exploitation sexuelle
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2110_cod_fvtehfes_153252_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo Democratic Republic of Congo: Sorcery , Witchcraft.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2063478/2021_10_Q37_EASO_COI_Query_Response_Sorcery_DRC.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Treatment of individuals based on their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and/or sex characteristics (SOGIESC) by society and authorities, including legislation, state protection and support services (2020–February 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 March 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458565
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
URL:
https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_rdc._lhomosexualite_20210624.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of: LGBT people in DRC.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
9 September 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2060187/2021_09_Q30_EASO_COI_Query_Response_LGBT_DRC.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
14 September 2021
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/03be037d-8602-4543-a1b2-1c9056b99254
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Operational Review of Exposure to Corrupt Practices in Humanitarian Aid Implementation Mechanisms in the DRC
Source:
Adam Smith International
Date of Document:
July 2020
Author:
Nicole Henze; François Grünewald; Sharanjeet Parmar
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/EN_Operational%20Review%20DRC%20Final%20Report_July.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Criminels ou justiciers ? Les Kuluna, gangs de République démocratique du Congo
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
May 2021
Author:
Marc-André Lagrange; Thierry Vircoulon
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Criminels-ou-justiciers-Les-Kuluna-gangs-de-Re%CC%81publique-de%CC%81mocratique-du-Congo-GITOC.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Congo Investigation a Chance to Fight Corruption
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 December 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/12/02/congo-investigation-chance-fight-corruption
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo: Les Raïa Mutomboki à Katember et Lwatamba. Leur présence dans ces localités en 2019-2020 et le recrutement forcé d'enfants.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 February 2021
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2102_cod_rm_skivu_katembele_lwatamba_151620_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): State measures towards organised criminal networks, in particular diamond dealers and Kuluna gangs, and state response to their victims.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
31 August 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2059367/2021_08_Q28_EASO_COI_Query_Response_DRC_criminal_gangs.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
The Landscape of Armed Groups in Eastern Congo: Missed Opportunities, Protracted Insecurity and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Congo Research Group
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Christoph Vogel et al.
URL:
https://kivusecurity.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/reports/39/2021%20KST%20report%20EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
République démocratique du Congo : Les gangs de Kuluna à Kinshasa
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
14 December 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2112_cod_kuluna_154360_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Judiciary documents, including summonses to appear (mandats de comparution), bench warrants (mandats d'amener) and arrest warrants (mandats d'arrêt); issuing authorities; features of judiciary documents, including contents and appearance; sample...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458580
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
État des lieux de la réforme de l'armée et rôle de la société civile dans la supervision du secteur de la défense
Source:
Réseau pour la Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité et de Justice; African Security Sector Network
Date of Document:
June 2021
Author:
Emmanuel Kabengele Kalonji
URL:
https://www.cordaid.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2020/03/RSSJ_R%C3%A9forme_FARDC_2020-DR-commentaires-Version-finale-corrig%C3%A9e.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
State of Internet Freedom Democratic Republic of the Congo 2019: Mapping Trends in Government Internet Controls, 1999-2019
Source:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa
Date of Document:
January 2020
URL:
https://cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=408
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Rapport 2021: Mauvais temps pour la presse en RDC.
Source:
Journaliste en danger (JED) et al.
Date of Document:
2 November 2020
URL:
http://jed-afrique.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/report_jed_2021-VF.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Police violence against reporters, media outlet, during protest in Kinshasa
Source:
Reporters without borders
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/news/police-violence-against-reporters-media-outlet-during-protest-kinshasa
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC): Information on the so-called 2018 Yumbi massacre.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
1 October 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2061374/2021_09_Q33_EASO_COI_Query_Response_Yumbi+2018_DRC.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
DR Congo: Neglected Massacre of Indigenous Group
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 February 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/09/dr-congo-neglected-massacre-indigenous-group
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Query response on DR Congo: Internal relocation opportunities to Kinshasa (opportunities to settle, institutional support, housing, employment opportunities)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
18 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2065489.html
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
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