National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 November 2017
BULGARIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
June 1994
Accessed Date:
25 October 2012
Title:
Bulgarie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2012
Title:
Bulgaria. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 November 2017
Accessed Date:
21 November 2017
Title:
III.4. Ethno-Demographic Characteristics of the Population. 2011 Population Census in the Republic of Bulgaria.
Source:
Bulgaria. National Statistical Institute.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2013
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; minorities; nationality; religion; statistics
Title:
Bulgaria. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Amnesty International Report 2016/2017: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Nations in Transit 2017.
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Bulgaria
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
8 July 2015
Accessed Date:
20 November 2015
Keywords:
children; disappeared persons; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; freedom of the press; gender equality; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; penal system; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; torture; trafficking in persons
Title:
Report by Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, following his visit to Bulgaria, from 9 to 11 February 2015
Source:
Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
22 June 2015
Accessed Date:
19 October 2015
Keywords:
children; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; legislation; social services
Title:
Comments of the Bulgarian Government to the report of the Commissioner for Human Rights following his visit to Bulgaria on 9-11 February 2015
Date of Document:
16 July 2015
Accessed Date:
19 October 2015
Keywords:
children; crime; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation
Title:
Human Rights in Bulgaria in 2015. Annual report of the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee.
Source:
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
April 2016
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
ECRI Report on Bulgaria: fifth monitoring cycle
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
16 September 2014
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; institutional efficacy; Internet
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law for the Bulgarian Citizenship
Accessed Date:
28 October 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage
Title:
Bulgaria Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
21 November 2017
Title:
Issuing Process of Bulgarian Identity and Travel Documents and the Use of Biometrics
Source:
International Journal of Signal Processing
Author:
Dimitar Georgiev et al.
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Bulgaria
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
May 2013
Author:
Daniel Smilov, Elena Jileva
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Bulgaria Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
28 November 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Narodno sabranie (National Assembly).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
21 November 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
National Study on Domestic and Gender-Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of a Victims Support Model (VSM). Legal, Institutional and Policy Analysis.
Source:
Partners Bulgaria Foundation et al.
Date of Document:
August 2015
Author:
Gunn Bjørnsen et al.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Compilation of Country Profiles.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
July 2016
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Protection Against Domestic Violence Act
Accessed Date:
25 October 2012
Keywords:
domestic violence; legislation; sexual violence
Title:
Bulgaria. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Changing Laws, Changing Minds: Challenging Homophobic and Transphobic Hate Crimes in Bulgaria
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
June 2012
Accessed Date:
12 February 2013
Keywords:
crime; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual minorities; social services
Title:
Sofia LGBT Pride Should Showcase a Tolerant Bulgaria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Bulgaria (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 February 2017
Accessed Date:
8 November 2017
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Progress in Bulgaria under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
25 January 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Missing the Point : Lack of Adequate Investigation of Hate Crimes in Bulgaria
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 February 2015
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Report to the Bulgarian Government on the visit to Bulgaria carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 13 to 20 February 2015
Source:
Council of Europe. European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
12 November 2015
Accessed Date:
10 November 2016
Title:
Response of the Bulgarian Government to the report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) on its visit to Bulgaria from 13 to 20 February 2015
Date of Document:
12 November 2015
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Information from the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee about the measures taken by the Ministry of Justice under Neshkov case implementation
Source:
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
24 October 2016
Accessed Date:
8 November 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. New threats to the rule of law in Council of Europe member States: selected examples.
Source:
Council of Europe. Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
25 September 2017
Accessed Date:
21 November 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
The Normative and Practical Obstacles to Effective Prosecution of Ill-Treatment by Official Persons
Source:
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
7 February 2017
Accessed Date:
8 November 2017
11.
Media Freedoms - (No items in this section)
Title:
Bulgaria. International Religious Freedom Report for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 August 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Bulgaria. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015: Events of 2014.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
2 July 2015
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; legal system; minorities
Title:
Written Submission by the European Roma Rights Centre Concerning Bulgaria to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for Consideration at Its 92nd Session (24 April - 12 May 2017)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Third Opinion on Bulgaria Adopted on 11 February 2014.
Code:
ACFC/OP/III(2014)001
Source:
Council of Europe. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Date of Document:
30 July 2014
Accessed Date:
28 October 2014
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; identity documents; institutional efficacy; legislation; minorities; political organizations; religion
Title:
Comments of the Government of Bulgaria on the Third Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Bulgaria
Code:
GVT/COM/III(2014)004
Date of Document:
30 July 2014
Accessed Date:
28 October 2014
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; institutional efficacy; police efficacy; police/security forces; religion
Title:
Public Attitudes Towards Hate Speech in Bulgaria in 2016
Source:
Open Society Institute Sofia
Date of Document:
12 July 2016
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Violence against Roma, including by extremist groups; state protection and treatment by police (2013-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 November 2015
Accessed Date:
24 November 2015
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; judicial efficacy; legal system; minorities; police/security forces; race; statistics
Title:
Situation of Roma, including access to employment, housing, healthcare, and education; state efforts to improve the conditions for Roma (2013-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 November 2015
Accessed Date:
24 November 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; gender equality; minorities; political organizations; race; social services; statistics
Title:
Muslims in Bulgaria
Source:
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung
Date of Document:
12 July 2013
Accessed Date:
24 October 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; conflict; ethnic and national groups; indigenous groups; legislation; marriage; minorities; political activities; political organizations; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined twentieth to twenty-second periodic reports of Bulgaria
Code:
CERD/C/BGR/CO/20-22
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
31 May 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Combined twentieth to twenty-second periodic reports of States parties due in 2014. Bulgaria.
Date of Document:
21 March 2016
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Memorandum to the European Commission. Violations of EU Law and Fundamental Rights by Bulgaria's Discriminatory Treatment of Roma in the Area of Housing.
Source:
Open Society Foundations. Open Society European Policy Institute.
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Assessing the implementation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies and the Council Recommendation on Effective Roma integration measures in the Member States 2016.
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
27 June 2016
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria Country Assessment 2015
Source:
European Commission
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Advancing the Education of Roma in Bulgaria. REF Country Assessment - 2015.
Source:
Roma Education Fund
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; minorities; race; social services; statistics
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
European Union: Application of the Protocol on Asylum for Nationals of Member States of the European Union (2013-June 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
Title:
European Union: Freedom of movement, residency and social security regulations for European Union (EU) nationals who move to other EU countries; the situation of Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak nationals who move to other EU countries, including...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2017:
Title:
Bulgaria. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
22 November 2016
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bu.html
Accessed Date:
28 November 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Amnesty International Annual Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/bulgaria/report-bulgaria/
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Nations in Transit 2016.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2016/bulgaria
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/fees/reciprocity-by-country/BU.html
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2016
URL:
http://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2016/bulgaria.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2016/258733.htm
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. 2016 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 February 2016
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=19078
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Progress in Bulgaria under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
27 January 2015
URL:
http://ec.europa.eu/cvm/docs/com_2016_40_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=256173
Accessed Date:
10 November 2016
Title:
Bulgarian Biometric Passport – Mission Unaccomplished
URL:
https://bivol.bg/biometrical-passports-english.html?pop=1&tmpl=component&print=1
Accessed Date:
28 October 2014
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Law for the Foreigners in the Republic of Bulgaria
URL:
http://www.mvr.bg/NR/rdonlyres/8C3CCC42-3E72-4CBB-900A-E8CB6DE82CAD/0/ZVPNRBGESChTS_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2013
Keywords:
identity documents; legislation
Title:
Bulgaria. Wave Report 2014. Specialized Women's Support Services and New Tools for Combatting Gender-Based Violence in Europe.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Author:
Kelly Blank et al.
URL:
http://fileserver.wave-network.org/researchreports/COUNTRY_REPORT_2014.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 October 2016
Title:
Bulgaria. ERRC Submission to the European Commission on the EU Roma Framework
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
February 2016
URL:
http://www.errc.org/article/errc-submission-to-the-european-commission-on-the-eu-roma-framework-february-2016/4462
Accessed Date:
28 November 2016
Title:
Updated Civil Society Monitoring Report on Implementation of the National Roma Integration Strategy and Decade Action Plan in 2012 and 2013 in Bulgaria
Source:
Decade of Roma Inclusion Secretariat Foundation; Open Society Foundations
Author:
Deyan Kolev et al.
URL:
http://www.romadecade.org/cms/upload/file/9270_file28_bg_updated-civil-society-monitoring-report.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; identity documents; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; minorities; sexual minorities; social services; statistics
Title:
The European Union and Roma – Factsheet. Bulgaria.
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
4 April 2014
URL:
http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/roma_country_factsheets_2014/bulgaria_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 October 2014
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; labour; legislation; police/security forces; social services; statistics
Title:
Bulgaria: country report
Date of Document:
July 2014
URL:
https://romamatrix.eu/bulgaria-country-report
Accessed Date:
20 October 2015
Keywords:
children; conflict; crime; ethnic and national groups; institutional efficacy; legislation; social services; statistics
Title:
Issuing Process of Bulgarian Identity and Travel Documents and the Use of Biometrics
Source:
International Journal of Signal Processing
Author:
Dimitar Georgiev et al.
URL:
http://www.iaras.org/iaras/filedownloads/ijsp/2017/003-0003(2017).pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Narodno sabranie (National Assembly).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
21 November 2017
URL:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2045.htm
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. Compilation of Country Profiles.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
July 2016
URL:
http://fileserver.wave-network.org/researchreports/WAVEReport2015_Compilation_Country_Profiles.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Sofia LGBT Pride Should Showcase a Tolerant Bulgaria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 June 2017
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/05/sofia-lgbt-pride-should-showcase-tolerant-bulgaria
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Information from the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee about the measures taken by the Ministry of Justice under Neshkov case implementation
Source:
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
24 October 2016
URL:
http://www.bghelsinki.org/en/news/bg/single/violence-vermin-and-overcrowding-persist-bulgarian-prisons/
Accessed Date:
8 November 2017
Title:
Bulgaria. New threats to the rule of law in Council of Europe member States: selected examples.
Source:
Council of Europe. Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
25 September 2017
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1506435068_new-threats-to-the-rule-of-law-in-council-of-europe-member.pdf
Accessed Date:
21 November 2017
Title:
The Normative and Practical Obstacles to Effective Prosecution of Ill-Treatment by Official Persons
Source:
Bulgarian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
7 February 2017
URL:
http://www.bghelsinki.org/en/news/bg/single/nobody-knows-true-number-victims-police-brutality-bulgaria/
Accessed Date:
8 November 2017
Title:
Written Submission by the European Roma Rights Centre Concerning Bulgaria to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, for Consideration at Its 92nd Session (24 April - 12 May 2017)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
URL:
http://www.errc.org/article/errc-submission-to-un-cerd-on-bulgaria-april-2017/4568
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined twentieth to twenty-second periodic reports of Bulgaria
Code:
CERD/C/BGR/CO/20-22
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
31 May 2017
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/CERD/C/BGR/CO/20-22
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Combined twentieth to twenty-second periodic reports of States parties due in 2014. Bulgaria.
Date of Document:
21 March 2016
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/CERD/C/BGR/20-22
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Memorandum to the European Commission. Violations of EU Law and Fundamental Rights by Bulgaria's Discriminatory Treatment of Roma in the Area of Housing.
Source:
Open Society Foundations. Open Society European Policy Institute.
Date of Document:
February 2017
URL:
https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/bulgaria-roma-infringement-memo-20170214pdf.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.