National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2017
ROMANIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
September 2008
Accessed Date:
22 October 2013
Title:
Roumanie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
28 September 2016
Accessed Date:
12 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2017
Title:
Romania. Amnesty International Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Keywords:
children; election; ethnic and national groups; minorities; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; race
Title:
Romania. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Nations in Transit 2016.
Author:
Lucian Davidescu et al.
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Keywords:
country overview; election; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legislation; political activities; political opposition; political organizations
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on his mission to Romania
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 April 2016
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Keywords:
corruption; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; legislation; social services
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Romania
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
21 March 2013
Accessed Date:
22 October 2013
Keywords:
children; corruption; freedom of expression; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; religion; sexual minorities; torture; trafficking in persons
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined third to fifth periodic reports of Romania
Source:
United Nations. Economic and Social Council: Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
9 December 2014
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
corruption; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; legislation; social services
Title:
Caritas Cares Romania Report
Source:
Caritas Romania Confederation
Date of Document:
November 2015
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Act No. 21/1991 on Romanian Citizenship
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage
Title:
Country Report: Romania
Source:
European University Institute. EUDO Citizenship.
Date of Document:
April 2013
Author:
Constantin Iordachi
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; institutional efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; nationality; political activities; political organizations; religion; statistics
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining medical records, within the country as well as from abroad
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
institutional efficacy; legislation; medical records
Title:
Romania Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Keywords:
identity documents
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Romania Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Camera Deputatilor (Chamber of Deputies).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
29 July 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Election for President (President) of 16 November 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Romania. Wave Report 2014. Specialized Women's Support Services and New Tools for Combatting Gender-Based Violence in Europe.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Author:
Kelly Blank et al.
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
gender equality; social services
Title:
Report Presented by the Delegation of the Ministry of Justice and Citizens' Liberties of Romania
Source:
Romania. Ministry of Justice and Citizens' Liberties.
Accessed Date:
3 October 2012
Keywords:
children; crime; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; legislation; sexual violence; social services; witness protection
Title:
Romania. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
domestic violence; family law; freedom of movement; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; marriage; police efficacy; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence
Title:
Romania. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Keywords:
judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; police efficacy; sexual minorities; statistics; torture
Title:
A quarter of all Romanians want to ban same-sex marriage.
Date of Document:
3 June 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Treatment of LGBT persons deprived of liberty: risks of ill-treatment
Source:
ACCEPT Association. International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.
Date of Document:
18 January 2015
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Annex. Romania to the EU Anti-Corruption Report.
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
3 February 2014
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
corruption; election; freedom of the press; government corruption; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; social services; statistics
Title:
Romania (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Keywords:
children; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; police efficacy; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Romania. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2015, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2015
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
crime; drug trafficking; judicial efficacy; organized crime
Title:
Fourth Evaluation Round. Corruption prevention in respect of members of parliament, judges and prosecutors. Evaluation Report. Romania.
Code:
Greco Eval IV Rep (2015) 4E
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of States Against Corruption.
Date of Document:
22 January 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Romania. 2016 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
9 February 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Keywords:
crime; drug trafficking; freedom of assembly; organized crime; police efficacy; torture; trafficking in persons; transport infrastructure
Title:
Romania. Bribery & Corruption 2016, 3rd Edition.
Source:
Global Legal Insights
Date of Document:
16 November 2015
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining police reports such as criminal complaints, criminal investigation reports, and a criminal record check, within the country as well as from abroad
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
identity documents; police report; police/security forces
Title:
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism Code: COM(2016) 41 final
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
27 January 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Is pre-trial detention used as last resort measure in Romania? Research Report.
Source:
Association for the Defence of Human Rights in Romania-the Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Romania
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
5 June 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Joint submission to the Council of Europe on implementation of police brutality judgments in Romania (June 2016)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
7 June 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Freedom of the Press 2015.
Accessed Date:
22 October 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; country overview; election; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political prisoners; religion; statistics
Title:
Romania. Media Pluralism Monitor 2015.
Source:
Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom. European University Institute.
Date of Document:
October 2015
Author:
Marina Popescu et al.
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Romania. International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
ERRC submission to the European Commission on the EU Roma Framework (February 2016)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
19 February 2016
Accessed Date:
12 October 2016
Title:
Hungarian Status Law (January 2003-January 2006)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 February 2006
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; identity documents; legislation; minorities; nationality
Title:
Fourth Report Submitted by Romania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Code:
ACFC/SR/IV(2016)002
Date of Document:
1 February 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Situation of Roma, including treatment by society and government authorities; state protection and support services available to Roma (2011-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 October 2015
Accessed Date:
27 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; identity documents; labour; minorities; political activities; social services
Title:
ERRC submission to UN CRC on Romania (July 2016)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
13 July 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Annual Report on Hate Speech in Romania
Source:
ActiveWatch. Roma Center for Social Intervention and Studies - Romani CRISS.
Date of Document:
8 September 2015
Author:
Radu Răileanu et al.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
ECRI Report on Romania (Fourth Monitoring Cycle)
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
3 June 2014
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; crime; ethnic and national groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; minorities; nationality; race; religion; social services
Title:
Romania. Roma Inclusion Index 2015.
Source:
Decade of Roma Inclusion Secretariat Foundation
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
30 September 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; labour; minorities; race; social services; statistics
Title:
Written Comments of the European Roma Rights Centre, Concerning Romania For Consideration by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at the 53rd Session (26-30 May 2014)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
28 March 2014
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; internal displacement; labour; minorities; nationality; race; social services; statistics
Title:
Racial Discrimination, Deprivation, Segregation and Marginalisation as a Reinforcement of the Practice of Child Marriage
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
1 July 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; family law; gender equality; identity documents; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; marriage; minorities; nationality; police efficacy; race; social services
Title:
The European Union and Roma – Factsheet: Romania
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
4 April 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; institutional efficacy; labour; minorities; race; social services; statistics
Title:
Strategy of the Government of Romania for the Inclusion of the Romanian Citizens Belonging to Roma Minority for the Period 2015 -2020
Source:
European Commission
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; identity documents; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; minorities; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; race; social services; statistics
Title:
Country Report: Romania
Date of Document:
July 2014
Author:
Maria-Carmen Pantea
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; legislation; social services
Title:
Human rights of Roma and Travellers in Europe
Source:
Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
February 2012
Page Numbers:
1-28, 39-220
Accessed Date:
29 May 2013
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; children; citizenship; corruption; crime; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of assembly
Title:
Romania. Report on the Implementation of the EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; institutional efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; social services; statistics
Title:
The Revolutionary Association for Justice and Liberty of Roma (Asociatia Revolutionarilor Luptatori Pentru Dreptate si Libertate Decembrie 89 a Rromilor din România), including its creation, purpose, and activities, and the treatment of its members b...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 September 2014
Accessed Date:
30 October 2014
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups
Title:
Romania: Armed police confrontation leads to Roma human rights complaint
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
26 January 2015
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; human rights activists; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
European Union: Application of the Protocol on Asylum for Nationals of Member States of the European Union (2013-June 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
Title:
European Union: Freedom of movement, residency and social security regulations for European Union (EU) nationals who move to other EU countries; the situation of Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak nationals who move to other EU countries, including...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Romania. ITUC Global Rights Index. The World's Worst Countries for Workers.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
Keywords:
labour; legal system; legislation
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 October 2016:
Title:
Romania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 April 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=252891
Accessed Date:
19 April 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; disappeared persons; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; labour; legal system; minorities; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; warrants
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.