National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
3 May 2013
SINGAPORE
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Singapore. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Title:
Singapour. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Title:
Singapore. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
16 April 2013
Accessed Date:
24 April 2013
Title:
Singapore. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 April 2013
Accessed Date:
19 April 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; domestic violence; drug trafficking; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; identity documents; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; military service; minorities; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; warrants
Title:
Singapore. Amnesty International Report 2012: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
freedom of expression; freedom of the press; legal system; penal system; political opposition; torture
Title:
Singapore. World Report 2013: Events of 2012.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; sexual minorities; sexual violence
Title:
Singapore. Freedom in the World.
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; Internet; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; penal system; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; race; religion; sexual minorities; state surveillance
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, articles 120-141
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
4.
Political Activities and Organizations - (No items in this section)
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Singapore
Code:
CEDAW/C/SGP/CO/4/Rev.1
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
16 January 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; gender equality; labour; marriage; trafficking in persons
Title:
Singapore. State-Sponsored Homophobia: A World Survey of Laws Criminalising Same-Sex Sexual Activity Between Consenting Adults.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Luca Paoli Itaborahy.
Date of Document:
May 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Singapore. 2013 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
4 April 2013
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
crime; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of assembly; labour; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual violence
Title:
Types and frequency of sentences imposed on individuals found guilty of desertion from the Singapore Armed Forces; procedures followed by the authorities in cases of desertion (2000-2006)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 August 2006
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
military service
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems - (No items in this section)
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Singapore. Freedom of the Press 2012.
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
freedom of expression; freedom of the press; Internet; legal system; legislation
Title:
Singapore. International Religious Freedom Report for 2011.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 July 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race - (No items in this section)
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Singapore. Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights 2012.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
labour; legislation; political activities
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 15 June 2012:
Title:
Singapore. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 May 2012
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?dynamic_load_id=186306
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; children; corruption; disappeared persons; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; family law; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; identity documents; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; military service; minorities; nationality; penal system; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; warrants
Title:
Singapore. Amnesty International Report 2011: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
http://amnesty.org/en/region/singapore/report-2011
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; country overview; crime; drug trafficking; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of the press; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; police/security forces; political organizations; race; sexual minorities; statistics; torture
Title:
Singapore. World Report: Events of 2011.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2012
URL:
http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-singapore
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; country overview; drug trafficking; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of the press; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; sexual minorities; social services; statistics
Title:
Singapore. Freedom of the Press 2011.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2011/singapore
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; political opposition; political organizations; race; religion; statistics
Title:
Singapore. International Religious Freedom Report July-December 2010.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 September 2011
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010_5/168374.htm
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
children; country overview; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; military service; police/security forces; political organizations; race; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
Singapore. Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights 2011.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
URL:
http://survey.ituc-csi.org/Singapore.html
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
country overview; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; legislation; map; political organizations; statistics
Title:
The Europa World Year Book 2011. Singapore.
Source:
The Europa World Year Book 2011
Publisher:
London: Routledge
Accessed Date:
11 December 2012
Keywords:
country overview
Title:
Singapore: UPR Outcome
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 October 2011
URL:
http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/10/05/singapore-upr-outcome
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; political organizations
Title:
Singapore. Citizenship Laws of the World.
Source:
United States. Office of Personnel Management. Investigations Service.
Date of Document:
March 2001
URL:
http://www.opm.gov/extra/investigate/IS-01.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; military service; nationality; political organizations
Title:
Singapore – SGP35921 – National service defaulters – Conscientious objectors – Singapore Armed Forces – Iraq – Afghanistan
Source:
Australia. Refugee Review Tribunal.
Date of Document:
27 January 2010
URL:
http://www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/197/sgp35921.pdf.aspx
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; human rights activists; legislation; military service; nationality; police/security forces; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Singapore Sentences UK Author to Jail
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 November 2010
URL:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/singapore-sentences-uk-author-jail-2010-11-16
Accessed Date:
9 November 2012
Keywords:
freedom of expression; legal system; legislation; political organizations
Title:
Singapore. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
16 April 2013
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/countrytemplate_sn.html
Accessed Date:
24 April 2013
Title:
Singapore. Freedom in the World.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/Singapore
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; Internet; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; penal system; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; race; religion; sexual minorities; state surveillance
Title:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, articles 120-141
URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b5054.html
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Singapore
Code:
CEDAW/C/SGP/CO/4/Rev.1
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
16 January 2012
URL:
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/co/CEDAW-C-SGP-CO-4-Rev1.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; gender equality; labour; marriage; trafficking in persons
Title:
Singapore. State-Sponsored Homophobia: A World Survey of Laws Criminalising Same-Sex Sexual Activity Between Consenting Adults.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Luca Paoli Itaborahy.
Date of Document:
May 2012
URL:
http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
Singapore. 2013 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
4 April 2013
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=13850
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
crime; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of assembly; labour; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual violence
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.