National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 April 2025
MADAGASCAR
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2009
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar Grand Sud, Grand Sud-Est, Est et Nord : Analyse IPC de l'insécurité alimentaire aiguë, Septembre 2024 – Aout 2025
Source:
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Date of Document:
31 January 2025
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2022
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
23 April 2025
Accessed Date:
25 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
18 December 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Présentation de Madagascar
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
16 January 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar: Cyclone Gamane
Date of Document:
5 April 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2024
Title:
Madagascar Country Office: Humanitarian Situation Report No. 3 - Reporting Period: 1 January – 30 June 2024
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
27 August 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 April 2024
Title:
Madagascar. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
17 April 2024
Title:
Violations During Tense Electoral period; HRDs and Whistleblowers Continue to be Intimidated, Arrested and Prosecuted
Date of Document:
27 August 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
30 April 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Madagascar
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
22 August 2017
Accessed Date:
2 August 2018
Title:
Reported cases of human rights violations, surveillance, harassment and detention of political opponents, journalists and members of civil society organizations by the authorities, including the National Police Intelligence Division (2016-January 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 January 2019
Accessed Date:
21 August 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Madagascar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/48/MDG/1
Date of Document:
7 November 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/48/MDG/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 November 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Madagascar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/48/MDG/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
6 November 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Madagascar. Addendum: Information received from Madagascar on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CCPR/C/MDG/CO/4/Add.1
Date of Document:
15 April 2019
Accessed Date:
19 April 2021
Title:
Rapport de Mission en République de Madagascar du 13 au 26 novembre 2022
Source:
Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides; Cour nationale du droit d'asile
Date of Document:
1 April 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Ordonnance n° 60 - 064 du 22 juillet 1960 portant Code de la nationalité malgache, modifiée jusqu'à la Loi n° 2016-038 du 25 janvier 2017
Accessed Date:
19 April 2021
Title:
Madagascar. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar: Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 34th Session of the Universal Periodic Review: Third Cycle
Source:
Focus Development Association et al.
Date of Document:
November 2019
Accessed Date:
8 April 2022
Title:
Rapport sur le droit de la nationalité : Madagascar
Code:
RSC/GLOBALCIT-CR 2022/04
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Ando Lova Razafiarison et al.
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Madagascar. Election for President of 16 November 2023.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
LOI n°2011-013 portant statut de l'opposition et des partis d'opposition
Accessed Date:
29 April 2021
Title:
LOI n° 2011-012 relative aux partis politiques
Accessed Date:
8 April 2021
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Madagascar: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
17 April 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Madagascar: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
10 April 2025
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Madagascar
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
9 March 2022
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Rapport d'analyse de genre et protection : régions Androy et Atsimo Andrefana
Source:
Action Contre la Faim; Global Affairs Canada
Date of Document:
October 2022
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar Submission to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child 89th Session, 17 January - 11 February 2022
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
September 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar : Les femmes victimes de violences conjugales
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 October 2020
Accessed Date:
8 April 2022
Title:
La violence conjugale est encore considérée comme une affaire privée par les Malgaches
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
2 February 2024
Author:
Léa Rakotondraibe; Ny Andraina Andriamanantena
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. 2023 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
Date of Document:
September 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Les Malgaches et le genre : Des inégalités subsistent, plus d'efforts sont demandés
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
12 February 2024
Author:
Manitra Raolonarivo; Léa Razafindrazaka Rakotondraibe
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar: Annex 1 Profiles of the 10 countries with the highest rates of child marriage
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
20 April 2022
Title:
Madagascar. Barriers to Justice: Rape in Africa. Law. Practice and Access to Justice.
Date of Document:
November 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Treatment of sexual and gender minorities by the authorities and society, including their family members; state protection (2017–October 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 October 2019
Accessed Date:
14 October 2022
Title:
La place de la culture dans l'identité LGBTI+ à Madagascar
Source:
Institute du Genre en Géopolitique
Date of Document:
26 June 2023
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Madagascar: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Madagascar.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
2 April 2024
Accessed Date:
17 April 2024
Title:
Madagascar. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Le secteur de l'or à Madagascar : au cœur des pratiques illicites. Le cas de Dabolava et Betsiaka.
Source:
U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre; Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
28 November 2022
Author:
Clément Rabenandrasana et al.
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
The Madagascar Legal System and Research
Date of Document:
August 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar: Extreme prison overcrowding needs urgent fix, UN experts
Source:
United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner
Date of Document:
2 May 2023
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Madagascar. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
11 April 2022
Title:
Chapter 9: Madagascar. Information Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) on the Impact of Cyber Security and Cybercrime Laws Enacted by Southern African Governments on Media Freedom and Digital Rights.
Source:
Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA) et al.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar internet price hike: An interview with Harinjaka Andriankoto Ratozamanana
Date of Document:
20 May 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Madagascar. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
April 2018
Accessed Date:
2 August 2018
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Migration Profile: Madagascar
Source:
Integral Human Development
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Spotlight – Madagascar: storms and drought trigger displacement and heighten food insecurity. 2023 Global Report on Internal Displacement.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 April 2024:
Title:
Madagascar. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 April 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/madagascar/
Accessed Date:
19 April 2024
Title:
Madagascar Country Office: Humanitarian Situation Report No. 19 - Reporting Period: semester 1 (January – June 2023)
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
July 2023
URL:
https://www.unicef.org/media/143616/file/Madagascar-Humanitarian-SitRep-June-2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 April 2024
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Madagascar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/1
Date of Document:
21 August 2019
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/1
Accessed Date:
8 April 2021
Title:
Compilation on Madagascar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
30 August 2019
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/2
Accessed Date:
8 April 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Madagascar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 August 2019
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/34/MDG/3
Accessed Date:
8 April 2021
Title:
Madagascar. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Madagascar.html
Accessed Date:
19 April 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Madagascar: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/MG/MG-LC01/
Accessed Date:
17 April 2024
Title:
Madagascar. 2022 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
Date of Document:
29 September 2023
URL:
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/madagascar
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/madagascar/
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/madagascar/
Accessed Date:
28 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar: Food insecurity crisis in the Grand Sud regions
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
10 March 2022
URL:
https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20220310_acaps_thematic_report_madagascar_food_security.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Madagascar. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
URL:
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/africa/madagascar.html
Accessed Date:
8 April 2021
Title:
Appel Éclair: Madagascar - Grand Sud et Grand Sud-Est, janvier 2023 - mai 2024 (Révisé en octobre 2023)
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
November 2023
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/attachments/d3bfcd59-13f2-490a-bfd6-0d2bbd168b6d/OCHA_Madagascar_FlashAppeal_%28french%29_2023-2024_20231117.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Reprisals Against Activists Documented in Madagascar
Date of Document:
4 January 2023
URL:
https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/reprisals-against-activists-documented-in-madagascar/
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Fighting for justice against gender-based violence in Madagascar
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
17 January 2022
URL:
https://www.unfpa.org/news/fighting-justice-against-gender-based-violence-madagascar
Accessed Date:
8 April 2022
Title:
Rapport de la République de Madagacar dans le cadre du vingt-cinquième anniversaire de la quatrième conférence mondiale sur les femmes et de l'adoption de la déclaration et du programme d'action de Beijing en 2015
Source:
Ministère de la population, de la protection sociale et de la promotion de la femme
URL:
https://uneca.org/sites/default/files/Gender/Beijing25/madacascar-beijing25_report.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 April 2022
Title:
Profil genre pays : République de Madagascar
Source:
African Development Bank Group
Date of Document:
28 January 2019
URL:
https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Profil_Genre_Madagascar.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 April 2022
Title:
Punished for being poor: Unjustified, excessive, and prolonged pre-trial detention in Madagascar
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
28 October 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AFR3589982018ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 August 2019
Title:
Étude sur le paysage médiatique à Madagascar
Date of Document:
September 2021
URL:
https://internews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Mada_Etude-paysage-media_09302021.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 April 2022
Title:
Madagascar Grand Sud, Grand Sud-Est, Est et Nord : Analyse IPC de l'insécurité alimentaire aiguë, Septembre 2024 – Aout 2025
Source:
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
Date of Document:
31 January 2025
URL:
https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Madagascar_Acute_Food_Insecurity_Sept2024_Aug2025_Report_French.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2022
URL:
https://www.issa.int/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07/Madagascar.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar: Cyclone Gamane
Date of Document:
5 April 2024
URL:
https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240405_ACAPS_briefing_note_Madagascar_cyclone_Gamane.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Violations During Tense Electoral period; HRDs and Whistleblowers Continue to be Intimidated, Arrested and Prosecuted
Date of Document:
27 August 2024
URL:
https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/violations-during-tense-electoral-period-hrds-and-whistleblowers-continue-to-be-intimidated-arrested-and-prosecuted/
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Rapport de Mission en République de Madagascar du 13 au 26 novembre 2022
Source:
Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides; Cour nationale du droit d'asile
Date of Document:
1 April 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2403_mdg_rapport_de_mission_ofpra_cnda_v2.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
La violence conjugale est encore considérée comme une affaire privée par les Malgaches
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
2 February 2024
Author:
Léa Rakotondraibe; Ny Andraina Andriamanantena
URL:
https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AD763-Malgaches-considerent-la-violence-conjugale-comme-une-affaire-privee-Afrobarometer-2feb24.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Les Malgaches et le genre : Des inégalités subsistent, plus d'efforts sont demandés
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
12 February 2024
Author:
Manitra Raolonarivo; Léa Razafindrazaka Rakotondraibe
URL:
https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AD767-Malgaches-et-genre-Citoyens-demandent-plus-defforts-Afrobarometer-10feb24.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. Barriers to Justice: Rape in Africa. Law. Practice and Access to Justice.
Date of Document:
November 2024
URL:
https://equalitynow.storage.googleapis.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/10094846/EQUALITY-NOW-Barriers-to-Justice-Rape-in-Africa-Law-Practice-and-Access-to-Justice-EN-1-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
The Madagascar Legal System and Research
Date of Document:
August 2024
URL:
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/madagascar1.html
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/madagascar
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Title:
Madagascar internet price hike: An interview with Harinjaka Andriankoto Ratozamanana
Date of Document:
20 May 2024
URL:
https://globalvoices.org/2024/05/20/madagascar-internet-price-hike-an-interview-with-harinjaka-andriankoto-ratozamanana/
Accessed Date:
4 April 2025
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.