National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis. NDPs are updated cyclically based on publicly available information. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to allow sufficient time to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
28 February 2025
LIBYA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Libya. General Logistics Planning Map.
Source:
United Nations. World Food Programme. Logistics Cluster.
Date of Document:
27 July 2018
Accessed Date:
9 December 2019
Title:
‘Every Day We Die a Thousand Times': Impunity for Crimes Against Humanity in Tarhouna, Libya
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 November 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 February 2025
Accessed Date:
21 February 2025
Title:
Libye. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
20 April 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Protection risks in eastern and western Libya
Date of Document:
15 December 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
General Country of Origin Information Report: Libya
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Country Information Package. Version 1.2.
Source:
Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building
Date of Document:
November 2018
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Libya. 2022 Humanitarian Needs Overview.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
6 December 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
UNHCR Position on Returns to Libya – Update II
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
10 December 2018
Title:
Présentation de la Libye
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
5 February 2025
Accessed Date:
21 February 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Libya: Security and humanitarian situation. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Libya: Landmines, Other War Hazards, Killing Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 April 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
UNHCR Position on the Designations of Libya as a Safe Third Country and as a Place of Safety for the Purpose of Disembarkation Following Rescue at Sea
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Libya. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Libya. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
18 May 2024
Title:
Libya. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Letter dated 14 September 2023 from the Panel of Experts on Libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
15 September 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Crackdown on Nongovernmental Groups
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 April 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1: Libya
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBY/1
Date of Document:
18 August 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBY/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 March 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Libya
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBY/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
28 February 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Technical assistance and capacity-building to improve human rights in Libya. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 June 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Refugee and Migrant Population.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Suppressed and marginalised Systematic violence against civil society in Libya
Source:
Lawyers for Justice in Libya
Date of Document:
25 March 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
'No One Will Look for You': Forcibly Returned from Sea to Abusive Detention in Libya
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
15 July 2021
Accessed Date:
20 February 2023
Title:
Tarhuna – Mass Graves and Related Human Rights Violations and Abuses in Libya
Source:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
August 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. 2021 Multi-Sector Needs Assessment: Libyan population.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya: “In seconds everything changed”: Justice and redress elusive for Derna flood survivors
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 March 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law Number (24) for 2010/1378 on the Libyan Nationality
Accessed Date:
1 February 2013
Title:
Identification documents, including national identity cards (NID) and birth certificates; requirements and procedures for obtaining and renewing identity documents, both within the country and abroad; availability of fraudulent document...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Libya: Nationality, Registration and Documents
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons. et al.
Date of Document:
19 December 2014
Accessed Date:
23 January 2015
Title:
Refugees Country Briefing: Libya
Source:
Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education et al.
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Civil Registry Authority (CRA), including current areas of operation and leadership; types of documents produced by the registry, including ability to access the documents; service levels, disruptions and attacks (November 2015-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 December 2016
Accessed Date:
19 December 2016
Title:
Citizenship on hold: Undetermined legal status and implications for Libya's peace process
Source:
European Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Report on citizenship law: Libya
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Maria Gloria Polimeno
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Legislation on nationality and implementation.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
24 February 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Decree on Libyan Women's Non-Citizen Children Fails Discrimination Test
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 October 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 May 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libye/Somalie : Le mariage entre citoyens étrangers en Libye, notamment entre Somaliens
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 November 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Libya: Political stalemate and lack of progress on elections
Date of Document:
30 August 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya's Islamists: Who They Are - And What They Want
Date of Document:
8 August 2017
Accessed Date:
22 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Armed Groups Violently Quell Protests
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
The Zintan brigade, including areas of operation and its relationship with the government; whether it is involved in instances of human rights abuses
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 June 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Insecurity and Governance Challenges in Southern Libya
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
30 March 2017
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Libya's ongoing debate over the role of political parties
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
26 June 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Treatment of former prisoners who are deemed to be anti-Qaddafi by members of General Khalifa Haftar's coalition or by Qaddafi loyalists; state protection offered to these former prisoners by the current regime (2010-December 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 January 2015
Accessed Date:
28 January 2015
Title:
Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 January 2022
Author:
Christopher M. Blanchard
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Libya: House of Representatives.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Fleshing Out the Libya Ceasefire Agreement. Middle East and North Africa Briefing N°80.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
4 November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 December 2022
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and support services (2011-November 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 November 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Libya: Gender Justice & The Law
Source:
United Nations Development Programme
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Libya. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2023.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
17 June 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Experts troubled by discriminatory policy restricting movement of women and girls travelling abroad
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 July 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Silenced Voices: Libyan Women Human Rights Defenders Under Attack
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
17 July 2018
Accessed Date:
10 December 2018
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, Reem Alsalem
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council
Date of Document:
4 May 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Social Security Laws in Libya: A Gender-Based Perspective
Source:
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Washm Women Studies Center
Author:
Abeir Imneina; Omelez Alfarsi
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Towards peace in Libya? A gender-responsive analysis of the Libyan conflict and some pathways towards gender-inclusive resolution
Source:
Gender in Geopolitics Institute
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya : Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: 90th Pre-sessional working group, 3 – 7 June 2024, list of issues prior to reporting
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 April 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Overview of Muslim Family Laws & Practices.
Date of Document:
17 April 2022
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Visit to Libya. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, Reem Alsalem.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 May 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Situation of sexual minorities, including legislation; treatment by society and authorities; state protection and available services (2011-July 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 July 2014
Accessed Date:
28 January 2015
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
16 December 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Libya: Special Case. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
A Political Economy of Tripoli's Abu Salim: The Rise of the Stability Support Apparatus as Hegemon
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
April 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
ISIS-Libya. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
A Political Economy of Zawiya: Armed Groups and Society in a Western Libyan City
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
15 July 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Extremism and Terrorism
Source:
Counter Extremism Project
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libye : Le Conseil de commandement militaire pour le salut de la République (CCMSR) dans la bataille de Tripoli (avril 2019-octobre 2020)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 September 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Libya.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
3 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 February 2025
Title:
Libya: “We are your masters”: Rampant crimes by the Tariq Ben Zeyad armed group
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 December 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Kingdom of Militias: Libya's Second War of Post-Qadhafi Succession
Source:
Italian Institute for International Political Studies
Date of Document:
31 May 2019
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Capital of Militias: Tripoli's Armed Groups Capture the Libyan State
Source:
Small Arms Survey; Security Assessment in North Africa
Date of Document:
June 2018
Author:
Wolfram Lacher; Alaa al-Idrissi
Editor:
Matt Johnson; Ben Boulton
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Libye : La brigade Al-Baqara, également appelée brigade Rahbat Al-Duru' ou 33e Brigade d'infanterie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 February 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Sophisticated smugglers thrive as Libyan governance stagnates
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
September 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Security Situation between 1 January 2019 and 30 September 2020 in Al-Butnan, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi, Al-Wahat, Al-Jifara, Al-Margeb, Al-Marj, Al-Nuqat Al-Khams, Azzawiya, Benghazi, Derna, Misrata, Nalut...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
7 December 2020
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Libye : Les milices à Tripoli
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 November 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: Stability fuels rebound in human smuggling
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Rupert Horsley, Jessica Gerken
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libye : L'Organisation Etat Islamique (OEI ; Daech)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 November 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Whether the government of Libya, particularly the Ministry of Labour and Rehabilitation, engages in programs to sponsor former soldiers or militants to study or receive medical treatment in Canada
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 May 2016
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Prisons and Detention in Libya
Source:
United States Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
2 September 2016
Author:
Fiona Mangan; Rebecca Murray
Accessed Date:
8 December 2016
Title:
Country Report. Immigration Detention in Libya: 'A Human Rights Crisis.'
Source:
Global Detention Project
Date of Document:
30 August 2018
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
The International Commission of Jurists' (ICJ) Response to the “Call for Inputs on the Study to Assess the Level of Compliance of National Legislations with the Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly in Africa”
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
31 March 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
One thousand and one failings: Security sector stabilisation and development in Libya
Date of Document:
April 2020
Author:
Hamzeh ah-Shadeedi et al.
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
No Escape from Hell: EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 January 2019
Author:
Judith Sunderland; Hanan Salah
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Accountability for Serious Crimes under International Law in Libya: An Assessment of the Criminal Justice System
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
31 July 2019
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Update: Libya's Legal System and Legal Research
Date of Document:
December 2019
Author:
John L. S. Simpkins et al.
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Abuse Behind Bars: Arbitrary and unlawful detention in Libya
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
April 2018
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Briefing Note: “You're going to die here' – Abuse in Abu Salim and Ain Zara detention centres
Source:
Médecin Sans Frontières
Date of Document:
6 December 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya : Humanitarian situation in detention centres
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
2 November 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: Female Singer and Female Blogger Arrested for Violating New Cybercrime Law
Source:
Library of Congress
Date of Document:
17 May 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Who is Fighting Whom in Tripoli? How the 2019 Civil War is Transforming Libya's Military Landscape
Source:
Small Arms Survey; Security Assessment in North Africa
Date of Document:
August 2019
Editor:
Matt Johnson; Alex Potter
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Local security governance in Libya: Perceptions of security and protection in a fragmented country
Source:
Clingendael Institute
Date of Document:
October 2018
Author:
Floor El Kamouni-Janssen et al.
Accessed Date:
30 January 2019
Title:
Libye : Les Forces armées arabes libyennes (FAAL) ou Armée nationale libyenne (ANL)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 March 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Human rights abuses against civilians with Libyan nationality by the state authorities and armed militias in Libya.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
25 July 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Security actors in Misrata, Zawiya and Zintan since 2011: How local factors shape Libya's security sector, and what this means for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
Source:
Middle East and North Africa Programme
Date of Document:
December 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya's Militias Have Become the State: Dimensions and Consequences of a Consolidated Process
Source:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
Date of Document:
July 2023
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Internal Security Agency must end abuses in name of ‘guarding virtue'
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 February 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Internal Security Agency must be held accountable for deaths in custody, enforced disappearances and arbitrary detention
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 September 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Justifying Repression: Use of Security and Religious Rhetoric to Crack Down on Dissent in Libya
Source:
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Date of Document:
25 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Situation of Christians, including treatment by the current regime, various armed groups, and society. (2012-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 January 2015
Accessed Date:
28 January 2015
Title:
Libya's Religious Sector and Peacebuilding Efforts
Source:
United States Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
Author:
Palwasha L. Kakar; Zahra Langhi
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Libya. Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
24 August 2020
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Situation of the Tebu ethnic group and their advocates, including treatment by society and authorities; relationship with other ethnic groups (2012 - October 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 November 2014
Accessed Date:
23 January 2015
Title:
The situation of Amazighs (Berbers) and their treatment by society and the government since the fall of Muamar Qaddafi (September 2011-October 2012)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 October 2012
Accessed Date:
31 January 2013
Title:
Treatment of members of the Al-Nawa'il tribe; availability of state protection (2012-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 October 2013
Accessed Date:
23 January 2015
Title:
Libya. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
17 February 2021
Title:
Treatment of members of the Zintani tribe in Tobruk City; presence of Gaddafi supporters in Tobruk; presence and operational strength of IS in Tobruk; ability of Libyans fleeing conflict in other parts of the country to relocate to Tobruk and reside there safely; whether Tobruk airport is operational (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 October 2016
Accessed Date:
19 December 2016
Title:
Matriarchal and Tribal Identity, Community Resilience, and Vulnerability in South Libya
Source:
United States Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
5 December 2017
Accessed Date:
19 December 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Libya: Ethnic minority groups. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2019
Accessed Date:
9 December 2019
Title:
Libyan tribes in the shadows of war and peace
Date of Document:
February 2019
Author:
Al-Hamzeh Al-Shadeedi; Nancy Ezzeddine
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Information on the Al-Si'an (or Si'an, Seaan, Siaan) tribe, in particular: Main characteristics of the tribe, peculiar signs, rituals; Its relationship with pro-Gaddafi's forces (2011- 2018); Documented cases o...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
14 December 2018
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 May 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 May 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libye : La tribu « Ouled Slimane »
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 April 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 February 2021
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libye : Les Amazighs (Berbères du Nord ; Djebel Nefoussa)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 November 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 November 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libye : Les tribus Warfalla, Qaddafa et Warshafana
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 November 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Situation of Tebu people.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
20 April 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Treatment of returnees, including failed refugee claimants and international students supported by the Qaddafi [Qadhafi, Gaddafi] regime (2012-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 January 2015
Accessed Date:
28 January 2015
Title:
IOM Libya Migrant Report: Round 54 (August – October 2024)
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Date of Document:
21 December 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Law No. 24 of 2023 concerning the prevention of the settlement of foreigners in Libya
Source:
The Law Society of Libya
Date of Document:
8 August 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Storm Daniel: Assessment of the Situation of Displaced Individuals
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Date of Document:
12 September 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Crossing Borders, Building Livelihoods: The insecure economic lives of migrants in Libya
Source:
Mixed Migration Centre; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
Date of Document:
July 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons on her visit to Libya
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
10 May 2018
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Implementation of resolution 2491 (2019)
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
2 September 2020
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Nowhere but Back: Assisted return, reintegration and the human rights protection of migrants in Libya
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2022
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Mixed Migration Routes and Dynamics in Libya in 2018
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 May 2024:
Title:
Libya. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
20 February 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/
Accessed Date:
22 February 2024
Title:
Libye. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
16 November 2023
URL:
https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/libye.htm
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
URL:
https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/LBY
Accessed Date:
28 February 2022
Title:
Présentation de la Libye
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
10 August 2023
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/libye/presentation-de-la-libye/
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/POL1056702023ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/libya
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya. Freedom in the World 2023.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/libya/freedom-world/2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Libya.html
Accessed Date:
22 February 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Libya: House of Representatives.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/content/libya?chamber_id=13429
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/Our_Identities_Under_Arrest_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
URL:
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/libya/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Special Case. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/libya/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant-Libya. Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2022/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Libya.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
4 January 2023
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/8ec22dbe-7656-4960-a14d-1c57b226ef7a
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya. Freedom on the Net 2023.
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/libya/freedom-net/2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya. World Press Freedom Index 2023.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/libya
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/libya/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya. The Indigenous World 2023.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2023
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/libya.html
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
IOM Libya Migrant Report: Round 49 (July – September 2023)
Source:
International Organization for Migration
URL:
https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM_Libya_R49_Migrant_Report.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Derna Flood Response Costs Lives
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 December 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/06/libya-derna-flood-response-costs-lives
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Origins of the Libyan Conflict and Options for Its Resolution
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
21 May 2019
Author:
Jonathan M. Winer
URL:
https://www.mei.edu/publications/origins-libyan-conflict-and-options-its-resolution
Accessed Date:
9 December 2019
Title:
Desperate and Dangerous: Report on the human rights situation of migrants and refugees in Libya
Source:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya; Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 December 2018
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/LibyaMigrationReport.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Libya
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
14 December 2018
URL:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/country-information-report-libya.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 January 2019
Title:
COI Query Response. Libya: Treatment of people from Tarhuna by the Government of National Accord (GNA) -affiliated forces between January 2020 and February 2021.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
1 March 2021
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_03_EASO_COI_Q4_Libya_Tarhuni_people.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
COI Query Response – Libya. Security Situation in Tripoli Between 1 January – 31 October 2021
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
3 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2063472/2021_11_Q39_EASO_COI_Query_Response_Libya_Tripoli_secsit.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: Abu Salim Area-Based Assessment (ABA)
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/REACH_LBY_Report_ABA-Abu-Salim_October-2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Final report of the Panel of Experts on Libya established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1973 (2011)
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
8 March 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2021/229
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
7 December 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2023/967
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Human Rights In Libya: During And After Gaddafi
Source:
Mondaq; Karbal & Co
Date of Document:
12 October 2020
URL:
https://www.mondaq.com/human-rights/993460/human-rights-in-libya-during-and-after-gaddafi-
Accessed Date:
17 February 2021
Title:
Libya: Militia Terrorized Town, Leaving Mass Graves
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 January 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/07/libya-militia-terrorized-town-leaving-mass-graves
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: UN human rights report details violations of migrants' rights amid ‘assisted return' programmes
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
11 October 2022
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/10/libya-un-human-rights-report-details-violations-migrants-rights-amid
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Detailed findings on the situation in Tarhuna: Conference room paper of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Libya
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
1 July 2022
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/regularsession/session50/2022-07-20/A-HRC-50-CRP-Tarhuna-E.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
8 August 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/ S/2023/589
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya's Unhealthy Focus on Personalities. Middle East and North Africa Briefing N°57.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 May 2018
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/b57-libyas-unhealthy-focus-personalities
Accessed Date:
10 December 2018
Title:
The War Report 2017. Libya: A Short Guide on the Conflict.
Date of Document:
June 2017
URL:
https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/Lybia%20A%20Short%20Guide%20to%20the%20Conflict.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
How Libya's Fezzan Became Europe's New Border. Middle East and North Africa Report N°179.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
31 July 2017
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/179-how-libyas-fezzan-became-europes-new-border
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Information on the anti-Gaddafi revolutionary (rebel) groups Jaduh and Yufferin, including background and activities; state protection offered to anti-Gaddafi rebel groups by the current regime (2010-December 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2014
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455651&pls=1
Accessed Date:
28 January 2015
Title:
Libya Turns the Page. Middle East and North Africa Report N°222.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
21 May 2021
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/222-libya-turns-page
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Who Are Libya's New Leaders?
Date of Document:
20 February 2021
URL:
https://orientxxi.info/magazine/who-are-libya-s-new-leaders,4539
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libye : Informations sur différentes milices présentes à Benghazi
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 January 2016
URL:
https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/fraofpra/2016/fr/111945
Accessed Date:
8 December 2016
Title:
Southern Libya Destabilized: The Case of Ubari
Source:
Small Arms Survey; Security Assessment in North Africa
Date of Document:
April 2017
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-SANA-BP-Ubari.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Libya: Heavy weaponry used to disperse peaceful protesters demanding economic rights
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 August 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/08/libya-heavy-weaponry-used-to-disperse-peaceful-protesters-demanding-economic-rights/
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Addressing the Rise of Libya's Madkhali-Salafis. Middle East and North Africa Report N°200.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
25 April 2019
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/addressing-rise-libyas-madkhali-salafis
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
The Situation of Women in Libya
Source:
Jusoor Center for Studies and Development
Date of Document:
8 March 2017
Author:
Hala Bugaighis et al.
URL:
http://jusoor.ly/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Jusoor-The-Situation-of-Women-in-Libyan-Report-2017-.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Libya's Terrorism Challenge: Assessing the Salafi-Jihadi Threat. Policy Paper 2017-1.
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
October 2017
URL:
http://www.mei.edu/content/countering-transational-terrorism-assessing-salafi-jihadi-movements-libya
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Libya. Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2022/libya/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
Source:
Stanford University. Mapping Militant Organizations.
Date of Document:
July 2018
URL:
https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/libyan-islamic-fighting-group
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
Shifting sands — Libya's changing drug trafficking dynamics on the coastal and desert borders
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Date of Document:
November 2019
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/EDMR2019_BackgroundReport_Libya.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
The Human Conveyor Belt : trends in human trafficking and smuggling in post-revolution Libya
Source:
Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
March 2017
Editor:
Tuesday Reitano; Laura Adal
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/global-initiative-human-conveyor-belt-human-smuggling-in-libya-march-2017.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Lost in Trans-Nation: Tubu and Other Armed Groups and Smugglers along Libya's Southern Border
Source:
Small Arms Survey et al.
Date of Document:
December 2018
Author:
Jérôme Tubiana; Claudio Gramizzi
Editor:
Matt Johnson; Tania Inowlocki
URL:
https://smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-SANA-Report-Lost-in-Trans-nation.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 January 2019
Title:
Libye : Les réseaux de passeurs en Libye
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 November 2018
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/1811_lib_reseaux_de_passeurs.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Libye : Point de situation sécuritaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 November 2020
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2011_lby_point_de_situation_securitaire_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: Apparent War Crimes in Tripoli
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/16/libya-apparent-war-crimes-tripoli
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libye : Informations sur les milices ayant œuvré à Sorman et Sabrata durant la période allant de 2015 à 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 December 2019
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/1912_lib_milices_sabrata_sorman_2015.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Challenges for the Libyan Judiciary: Ensuring Independence, Accountability and Gender Equality
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
July 2016
URL:
https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Libya-Challenges-the-Judiciary-Publications-Reports-Thematic-report-2016-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2016
Title:
What makes refugees and migrants vulnerable to detention in Libya? A microlevel study of the determinants of detention
Source:
Mixed Migration Centre
Date of Document:
December 2019
Author:
Adam G. Lichtenheld
URL:
http://www.mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/082_determinants_detention-.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 February 2021
Title:
Guide to Freedom of Expression in Libya
Source:
Lawyers for Justice in Libya; International Media Support
Date of Document:
22 November 2017
URL:
https://www.mediasupport.org/publication/guide-to-freedom-of-expression-in-libya/
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Leaving Libya: Rapid Assessment of Municipalities of Departure of Migrants in Libya
Date of Document:
June 2017
URL:
https://app.mhpss.net/?get=315/altai-consulting-leaving-libya-rapid-assessment-of-municipalities-of-departure-of-migrants-in-libya-final-report.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Mixed Migration Trends in Libya: Changing Dynamics and Protection Challenges
Source:
Altai Consulting; IMPACT Initiatives
Date of Document:
February 2017
Author:
Marie-Cecile Darme; Tahar Benattia
URL:
https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/595a4db54.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Protection of displaced Libyans: risks, responses and border dynamics
Source:
Overseas Development Institute
Date of Document:
August 2019
Author:
Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy et al.
URL:
https://www.odi.org/publications/11405-protection-displaced-libyans-risks-responses-and-border-dynamics
Accessed Date:
10 December 2019
Title:
General Country of Origin Information Report: Libya
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2023
URL:
https://www.government.nl/documents/directives/2023/02/28/general-country-of-origin-information-report-libya-of-february-2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Présentation de la Libye
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
5 February 2025
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/libye/presentation-de-la-libye/
Accessed Date:
21 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Political stalemate and lack of progress on elections
Date of Document:
30 August 2022
URL:
https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/08/1125812
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya: Armed Groups Violently Quell Protests
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 September 2020
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/10/libya-armed-groups-violently-quell-protests
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Insecurity and Governance Challenges in Southern Libya
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
30 March 2017
URL:
http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/03/30/insecurity-and-governance-challenges-in-southern-libya-pub-68451
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Libya's ongoing debate over the role of political parties
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
26 June 2023
URL:
https://www.mei.edu/publications/libyas-ongoing-debate-over-role-political-parties
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 January 2022
Author:
Christopher M. Blanchard
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33142
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Libya: Extremism and Terrorism
Source:
Counter Extremism Project
URL:
https://www.counterextremism.com/countries/libya-extremism-and-terrorism
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Libye : Le Conseil de commandement militaire pour le salut de la République (CCMSR) dans la bataille de Tripoli (avril 2019-octobre 2020)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 September 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2209_lby_ccsmr_tripoli_ville_156776_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libye : La brigade Al-Baqara, également appelée brigade Rahbat Al-Duru' ou 33e Brigade d'infanterie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 February 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2202_lby_brigade_baqara_155232_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libya: Stability fuels rebound in human smuggling
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Rupert Horsley, Jessica Gerken
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Human-smuggling-and-trafficking-ecosystems-LIBYA.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 February 2023
Title:
Libye : L'Organisation Etat Islamique (OEI ; Daech)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 November 2020
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2011_lby_etat_islamique_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 February 2022
Title:
Briefing Note: “You're going to die here' – Abuse in Abu Salim and Ain Zara detention centres
Source:
Médecin Sans Frontières
Date of Document:
6 December 2023
URL:
https://www.msf.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/06.12.2023_PUBLIC%20BRIEFING%20NOTE_You%27re%20going%20to%20die%20here_Abuse%20in%20Abu%20Salim%20and%20Ain%20Zara%20Detention%20Centres_FINAL%20DESIGN.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Law No. 24 of 2023 concerning the prevention of the settlement of foreigners in Libya
Source:
The Law Society of Libya
Date of Document:
8 August 2023
URL:
https://lawsociety.ly/en/legislation/law-no-24-of-2023-concerning-the-prevention-of-the-settlement-of-foreigners-in-libya/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
‘Every Day We Die a Thousand Times': Impunity for Crimes Against Humanity in Tarhouna, Libya
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 November 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/MDE1980962024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2024/895
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Letter dated 14 September 2023 from the Panel of Experts on Libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
15 September 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2023/673
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Technical assistance and capacity-building to improve human rights in Libya. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 June 2024
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/56/70
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Suppressed and marginalised Systematic violence against civil society in Libya
Source:
Lawyers for Justice in Libya
Date of Document:
25 March 2024
URL:
https://assets-global.website-files.com/5a0d8805f2f99e00014b1414/65fd90662f7e2a4b1d4e1013_Suppressed%20and%20Marginalised_EN_WEB%20FINAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Tarhuna – Mass Graves and Related Human Rights Violations and Abuses in Libya
Source:
United Nations Support Mission in Libya. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
August 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/libya/20240830-Tarhuna-ohchr-unsmil-en.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya: “In seconds everything changed”: Justice and redress elusive for Derna flood survivors
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 March 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MDE1976082024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 May 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2405_lby_la_nationalite_162315_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libye/Somalie : Le mariage entre citoyens étrangers en Libye, notamment entre Somaliens
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 November 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2311_lby_mariage_etrangers_en_libye_160849.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2023.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
17 June 2024
URL:
https://webfs.oecd.org/devsigi/SIGI%202023%20Country%20Profiles/country_profile_LBY_Libya.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya : Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: 90th Pre-sessional working group, 3 – 7 June 2024, list of issues prior to reporting
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde19/7858/2024/en/
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya. Overview of Muslim Family Laws & Practices.
Date of Document:
17 April 2022
URL:
https://www.musawah.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Libya-Overview-Table-2022.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Visit to Libya. Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, Reem Alsalem.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 May 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/53/36/Add.2
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
A Political Economy of Tripoli's Abu Salim: The Rise of the Stability Support Apparatus as Hegemon
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
April 2024
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-SANA-BP-2024-Abu-Salim-EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
A Political Economy of Zawiya: Armed Groups and Society in a Western Libyan City
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
March 2024
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-SANA-Report-2024-Zawiya-EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
15 July 2024
URL:
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/civil-war-libya
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
The International Commission of Jurists' (ICJ) Response to the “Call for Inputs on the Study to Assess the Level of Compliance of National Legislations with the Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly in Africa”
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
31 March 2024
URL:
https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/ICJ-Response_Freedom-of-Association_Libya.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2025
Title:
Libya's Militias Have Become the State: Dimensions and Consequences of a Consolidated Process
Source:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
Date of Document:
July 2023
URL:
https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2023C44_Libya_s_Militias.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Internal Security Agency must end abuses in name of ‘guarding virtue'
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 February 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/libya-internal-security-agency-must-end-abuses-in-name-of-guarding-virtue/
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Libya: Internal Security Agency must be held accountable for deaths in custody, enforced disappearances and arbitrary detention
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 September 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/09/libya-internal-security-agency-must-be-held-accountable-for-deaths-in-custody-enforced-disappearances-and-arbitrary-detention/
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Justifying Repression: Use of Security and Religious Rhetoric to Crack Down on Dissent in Libya
Source:
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Date of Document:
25 June 2024
URL:
https://cihrs.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Brief-Libya-Design-English.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Storm Daniel: Assessment of the Situation of Displaced Individuals
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Date of Document:
12 September 2024
URL:
https://dtm.iom.int/dtm_download_track/65971?file=1&type=node&id=44526
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Crossing Borders, Building Livelihoods: The insecure economic lives of migrants in Libya
Source:
Mixed Migration Centre; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
Date of Document:
July 2024
URL:
https://mixedmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/333_Crossing_Borders_Report.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
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