National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 August 2023
TOGO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Togo. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
25 July 2023
Accessed Date:
25 August 2023
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
3 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. COI Compilation.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Togo. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties: Togo
Date of Document:
12 October 2020
Accessed Date:
9 September 2021
Title:
Togo. Mental Health Atlas 2020: Member State Profile.
Source:
World Health Organisation
Date of Document:
8 October 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2022
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
24 May 2023
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Togo: Shadow report to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 63rd ordinary session
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
29 October 2018
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/TGO/1
Date of Document:
26 October 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/TGO/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
9 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/TGO/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
1 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Hackers-for-hire in West Africa: Activist in Togo attacked with Indian-made spyware
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 October 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission on Togo to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 28th Session
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the initial report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Date of Document:
11 April 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Togo. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
25 August 2023
Title:
Loi sur la nationalité togolaise
Accessed Date:
24 September 2013
Title:
Chapitre II – Le droit à une nationalité. Loi No.2007-017 du 6 juillet 2007 portant code de l'enfant.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Procedures for issuing a passport abroad, particularly from Canada; whether it is necessary to go to the embassy; whether passports are produced at the embassy or in Togo
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Togo
Code:
RSC/GLOBALCIT-CR 2022/06
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Michael Offermann
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Examining Togo's Implausible Election Results
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
2 March 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo: Situation des opposants politiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
29 December 2022
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for President of 22 February 2020.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
The National Alliance for Change (Alliance nationale pour le changement, ANC), including its structure, the treatment of its members by the government and the issuance of membership cards (2010–May 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
Combat for Political Change 2015 (Combat pour l'alternance politique en 2015, CAP 2015), including its objectives, structure, leaders and activities; demonstration of 21 November 2014, including the violence that occurred
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Togo: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Most Togolese mistrust electoral commission, would prefer non-partisan, technical alternative. Dispatch No. 274.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
28 January 2019
Author:
Thomas Isbell; Hervé Akinocho
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo 2020: Domestic politics, foreign affairs, socio-economic development
Source:
German Institute for Global and Area Studies. Institute of African Affairs.
Date of Document:
6 January 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo: la spirale sans fin de la répression politique et des attaques contre la liberté de la presse
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 December 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Loi portant modification de l'ordonnance n°80-16 du 31 janvier portant code des personnes et de la famille
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Les mariages forcés au Togo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
FGM in Togo: Short Report
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
15 September 2020
Title:
Whether the first born son and/or the only son born into a family has a customary obligation to become a voodoo priest; consequences for refusal (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 August 2016
Accessed Date:
25 October 2016
Title:
Togo: “Some women give birth on the floor” amid staff shortages, poor facilities
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
31 July 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
L'égalité genre au Togo: Progrès et points sombres. Synthèse de Politique No. 53.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Togo: LGBTIQ persons
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
4 February 2022
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
22 May 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Alternative Report: Human Rights Committee. 132nd session.
Source:
Afrique Arc-en-Ciel Togo; Synergía – Initiatives for Human Rights
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Togo: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Togo.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
26 June 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo. Corruption et fraude documentaire.
Source:
COI Focus. Commissariat général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
Benin – Togo: Fight against armed groups must not justify human rights violations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 July 2022
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Loi No 2015-010 du 24 Novembre 2015 portant nouveau code pénal
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Update: A Brief Overview of the Togolese Legal System
Date of Document:
February 2022
Author:
Thérèse Akouvi Donu
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo's judicial system marked by popular distrust, perceptions of corruption. Dispatch No. 147.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
18 May 2017
Author:
Pauline M. Wambua; Carolyn Logan
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by Togo under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2016
Date of Document:
8 November 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Lutte contre la torture au Togo : Un pas en avant, deux pas en arrière. Rapport alternatif soumis en application de l'article 19 de la convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants.
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
24 August 2021
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo: Rapport de la société civile sur la mise en œuvre du PIDCP
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
May 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Face à l'insécurité, les Togolais font de plus en plus confiance à la police et à l'armée. Dépêche No.626.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
3 April 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo : Les autorités doivent annuler les condamnations contre les journalistes Ferdinand Ayité et Isodore Kouwomou
Source:
Amesty International
Date of Document:
17 March 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo. World Press Freedom Index 2023.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo. The Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
21 June 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Togo. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Togo: Le traitement réservé par les autorités nationales à leurs ressortissants de retour dans le pays. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 August 2022:
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
11 August 2022
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/
Accessed Date:
19 August 2022
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/togo
Accessed Date:
25 April 2022
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/POL1048702022ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2022.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/togo/freedom-world/2022
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2021
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
26 April 2022
URL:
https://cndh-togo.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/04/RAPPORT-DACTIVITES-CNDH-2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Togo.html
Accessed Date:
19 August 2022
Title:
Togo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
25 November 2019
URL:
https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_togo._lhomosexualite_20191125.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/337308-2022-TIP-REPORT-inaccessible.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Togo
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
30 September 2021
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/adfd2e71-637d-45cd-af25-1cb127d6cf9a
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/togo/
Accessed Date:
9 August 2022
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
URL:
https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/togo_pol_2007.jpg
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for Assemblée Nationale (Togolese National Assembly) of 20 December 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2743/
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
URL:
https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/TG.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
Togo. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2019_light.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/togo/presentation-du-togo/
Accessed Date:
11 August 2023
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission on Togo to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 28th Session
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
February 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2023/02/2023.02_Togo_HRWSubmissionCRPD.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the initial report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Date of Document:
11 April 2023
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/CRPD/C/TGO/CO/1
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Togo
Code:
RSC/GLOBALCIT-CR 2022/06
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Michael Offermann
URL:
https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/74635/RSC_GLOBALCIT_CR_2022_06_rev2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo: Situation des opposants politiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
29 December 2022
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2212_tgo_situation_des_opposants_politiques_156939_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo: la spirale sans fin de la répression politique et des attaques contre la liberté de la presse
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 December 2020
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/afrique/togo/togo-la-spirale-sans-fin-de-la-repression-politique-et-des-attaques
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo: “Some women give birth on the floor” amid staff shortages, poor facilities
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
31 July 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/07/togo-some-women-give-birth-on-the-floor-amid-staff-shortages-poor-facilities/
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Benin – Togo: Fight against armed groups must not justify human rights violations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 July 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/07/benin-togo-fight-against-armed-groups-must-not-justify-human-rights-violations/
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Face à l'insécurité, les Togolais font de plus en plus confiance à la police et à l'armée. Dépêche No.626.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
3 April 2023
URL:
https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/AD626-Togolais-font-confiance-aux-forces-de-securite-Afrobarometer-2april23.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo : Les autorités doivent annuler les condamnations contre les journalistes Ferdinand Ayité et Isodore Kouwomou
Source:
Amesty International
Date of Document:
17 March 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2023/03/togo-les-autorites-doivent-annuler-les-condamnations-contre-les-journalistes-ferdinand-ayite-et-isidore-kouwonou/
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Title:
Togo. World Press Freedom Index 2023.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/togo
Accessed Date:
14 August 2023
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.