National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 April 2022
GHANA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
February 2005
Accessed Date:
23 January 2007
Title:
Ghana. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
8 September 2016
Title:
Ghana. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 January 2022
Accessed Date:
14 January 2022
Title:
Ghana 2021 population and housing census: General report volume 3A
Source:
Ghana Statistical Service et al.
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Ghana: Medical and healthcare issues. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
Title:
Ghana. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
9 February 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Ghana. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Ghana
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Ghana: Background information, including internal relocation. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
Ghana: Voluntary national review report on the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development
Source:
Republic of Ghana
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2022
Title:
Ghana. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. Amnesty International Report 2020/21: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 April 2021
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/1
Date of Document:
25 August 2017
Accessed Date:
5 September 2018
Title:
Compilation on Ghana
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
28 August 2017
Accessed Date:
13 September 2018
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Ghana
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/28/GHA/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
8 August 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2018
Title:
Initial report submitted by Ghana under article 35 of the Convention, due in 2014
Date of Document:
8 March 2019
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chapter Three: Citizenship. Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (amendment) Act, 1996.
Accessed Date:
30 September 2016
Title:
Update to GHA105228 of 15 July 2015 on the 'Certified Copy of Entry into Registry of Births' certificate, including additional information on its format and security features; whether the format has changed since 2009; authorized signatories (2009-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 October 2017
Accessed Date:
13 September 2018
Title:
The military identification card, including whether simple soldiers receive a different card than that of higher-ranking military personnel; whether the length of military service is defined by contract; the procedure for resigning without being accused of deserting (1999 - 2003)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 February 2011
Accessed Date:
19 March 2013
Title:
Citizenship Act of 2000
Accessed Date:
29 September 2017
Title:
Ghana. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a Certified Copy of Entry into Registry of Births; whether the listed informant can differ between the original entry on the Registry of Births and the digital Certified Copy of the Entry into Registry of Births...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 March 2021
Accessed Date:
5 January 2022
Title:
Availability of fraudulent identity documents, including instances of officials issuing fraudulent documents, including passports (2008-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 January 2014
Accessed Date:
22 September 2014
Title:
Requirements and procedures to replace a lost or stolen passport; whether applicants are fingerprinted to determine the issuance of previous passports; whether replacement passports have the same serial number as the one being replaced
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 April 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
Guidelines for Acquiring A Republic of Ghana Passport
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a voter card; appearance, security features and information indicated on the card, including the voter ID number; incidents of fraud (2015-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 December 2017
Accessed Date:
20 September 2018
Title:
Ghana voters ID card: registration, verification and replacement
Date of Document:
1 April 2018
Accessed Date:
23 May 2018
Title:
Who decides who gets to vote in Ghana's elections?
Date of Document:
9 March 2020
Author:
Nathalie Raunet Robert-Nicoud
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Ghana. Referendum of 27 December 2018
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Managing diversity and political inclusion: The case of Ghana
Source:
Global Centre for Pluralism
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
E. Gyimah-Boadi; Mohammed Awal
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Certified 2020 presidential election results
Source:
Electoral Commission Ghana
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Information on changes in the New Patriotic Party (NPP) leadership; treatment of members of the NPP members by authorities, National Democratic Congress (NDC) supporters, and intra-party conflict (2014-May 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 May 2016
Accessed Date:
28 September 2016
Title:
Election results. Ghana: Parliament.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
About parliament. Ghana: Parliament.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Domestic Violence in Ghana: Incidence, Attitudes, Determinants and Consequences
Source:
Institute of Development Studies et al.
Date of Document:
July 2016
Accessed Date:
8 August 2017
Title:
Ghana. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
29 September 2020
Title:
Beyond Domestic Violence Laws: Women's Experiences and Perceptions of Protection Services in Ghana
Source:
University of Ghana. Center for Gender Studies and Advocacy.
Date of Document:
April 2016
Author:
Akosua Darkwah, Mansah Prah
Accessed Date:
8 August 2017
Title:
Situational Analysis of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Ghana – Synthesising Data to Identify and Work with the Most Vulnerable Young Women
Source:
United Nations Population Fund; Population Council
Date of Document:
August 2016
Page Numbers:
36-46, 70-92
Accessed Date:
8 August 2017
Title:
National Strategic Framework on Ending Child Marriage in Ghana 2017 – 2026
Source:
Ghana. Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection.
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
5 September 2018
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and support services (2011-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
Ghana: The Law and FGM
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Ghana. NGO Assessment of the Implementation UN Human Rights Committee's Recommendations
Source:
Human Rights Advocacy Centre
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Covid-19 impact on gender-based violence
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
20 March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Human Rights Violations Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People in Ghana: A Shadow Report
Source:
Solace Brothers Foundation et al.
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
“No Choice but to Deny Who I Am”: Violence and Discrimination against LGBT People in Ghana.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 January 2018
Accessed Date:
5 September 2018
Title:
Ghana. Criminalises Sex Between Men.
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Accessed Date:
21 September 2020
Title:
UN Expert Spotlights LGBT Poverty in Ghana
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 June 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Ghana: Sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. Version 2.0
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
May 2020
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
Title:
Ghana: LGBT Activists Face Hardships After Detention
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana: State treatment of LGBTQI+ persons
Source:
Asylos; Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
March 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
14 January 2022
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Ghana.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
24 September 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Modern Trends in Ownership and Acquisition of Large-scale Lands in Teshie and Kasoa, Ghana
Source:
African Journal Online
Date of Document:
23 October 2020
Author:
Appau Williams Miller et al.
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Researching Ghanaian Law
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghanaians cite high cost, bias, and long delays as barriers to using formal justice system
Date of Document:
28 February 2020
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana: Time to scrap unfair and discriminatory death penalty
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 October 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Ghana: Actors of Protection. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. Freedom on the Net 2021.
Editor:
Elisha Aaron et al.
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Ghana. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
13 January 2022
Title:
Presence of cults or sects and consequences for refusing to join a cult; government attitude or response towards cults and/or any abuses committed by sect members (2004 - 2006)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 October 2006
Accessed Date:
19 March 2013
Title:
Trokosi: Slave to the Gods. Tradition and Culture in Africa: Practices that Facilitate Trafficking of Women and Children.
Source:
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence
Date of Document:
January 2017
Author:
Norah Hashim Msuya
Accessed Date:
8 August 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Consequences of refusing a fetish priest or chieftancy position, and whether there is state protection available
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 August 2012
Accessed Date:
19 March 2013
Title:
Information on the chieftaincy dispute in Bimbilla, including the process for choosing a chief (1999-April 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 April 2017
Accessed Date:
15 September 2017
Title:
State involvement in chieftaincy matters, such as blood rituals for deceased chiefs and their successors, including legislation; consequences of divulging a secret ritual to another member of the same ethnic group, including the Kotokoli in the Volta...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 May 2017
Accessed Date:
15 September 2017
Title:
Bimbilla alive after Supreme Court ruling
Date of Document:
2 October 2018
Accessed Date:
14 September 2020
Title:
Ghana. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
14 January 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 3 February 2022:
Title:
Ghana. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Additional Info.:
Addendum regarding reproductive rights was added on 4 November 2021
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ghana
Accessed Date:
12 January 2022
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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IRB or the Government of Canada.