National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2022
TOGO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Togo. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
22 September 2021
Accessed Date:
23 September 2021
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
28 October 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. COI Compilation.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Togo
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties: Togo
Date of Document:
12 October 2020
Accessed Date:
9 September 2021
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2022
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2020/21: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 April 2021
Accessed Date:
23 September 2021
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
23 September 2021
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2020
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
25 May 2021
Accessed Date:
9 September 2021
Title:
Togo: Shadow report to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 63rd ordinary session
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
29 October 2018
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/TGO/1
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
Title:
Togo: Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties
Source:
United Nations. International Human Rights Instruments.
Date of Document:
12 October 2020
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Togo. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
9 September 2021
Title:
Loi sur la nationalité togolaise
Accessed Date:
24 September 2013
Title:
Chapitre II – Le droit à une nationalité. Loi No.2007-017 du 6 juillet 2007 portant code de l'enfant.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Procedures for issuing a passport abroad, particularly from Canada; whether it is necessary to go to the embassy; whether passports are produced at the embassy or in Togo
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Examining Togo's Implausible Election Results
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
2 March 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for Assemblée Nationale (Togolese National Assembly) of 20 December 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for President of 22 February 2020.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
The National Alliance for Change (Alliance nationale pour le changement, ANC), including its structure, the treatment of its members by the government and the issuance of membership cards (2010–May 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
Combat for Political Change 2015 (Combat pour l'alternance politique en 2015, CAP 2015), including its objectives, structure, leaders and activities; demonstration of 21 November 2014, including the violence that occurred
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
Togo. National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
Most Togolese mistrust electoral commission, would prefer non-partisan, technical alternative. Dispatch No. 274.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
28 January 2019
Author:
Thomas Isbell; Hervé Akinocho
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Loi portant modification de l'ordonnance n°80-16 du 31 janvier portant code des personnes et de la famille
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Les mariages forcés au Togo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
FGM in Togo: Short Report
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
15 September 2020
Title:
Whether the first born son and/or the only son born into a family has a customary obligation to become a voodoo priest; consequences for refusal (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 August 2016
Accessed Date:
25 October 2016
Title:
Togo. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
Togo. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
25 November 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Togo: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
Togo. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
9 April 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. Corruption et fraude documentaire.
Source:
COI Focus. Commissariat général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Loi No 2015-010 du 24 Novembre 2015 portant nouveau code pénal
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
The Country Legal System and Research
Date of Document:
August 2017
Author:
Martial AKAKPO, Emmanuel MAMLAN
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
Togo's judicial system marked by popular distrust, perceptions of corruption. Dispatch No. 147.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
18 May 2017
Author:
Pauline M. Wambua; Carolyn Logan
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by Togo under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2016
Date of Document:
8 November 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Lutte contre la torture au Togo : Un pas en avant, deux pas en arrière. Rapport alternatif soumis en application de l'article 19 de la convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants.
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
27 August 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo: Rapport de la société civile sur la mise en œuvre du PIDCP
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
May 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
11.
Media Freedoms - (No items in this section)
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
Title:
Togo. The Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
21 June 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Togo. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Togo: Le traitement réservé par les autorités nationales à leurs ressortissants de retour dans le pays. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
10 September 2021
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 September 2021:
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/togo
Accessed Date:
13 April 2021
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.