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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 September 2020
TOGO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Togo. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 September 2020
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
28 October 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. COI Compilation.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Togo
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
19 March 2020
Title:
Togo. Human Rights in Africa: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2020.
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2019
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
2 September 2020
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
Togo: Shadow report to the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 63rd ordinary session
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
29 October 2018
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/TGO/1
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Togo. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Loi sur la nationalité togolaise
Accessed Date:
24 September 2013
Title:
Chapitre II – Le droit à une nationalité. Loi No.2007-017 du 6 juillet 2007 portant code de l'enfant.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Procedures for issuing a passport abroad, particularly from Canada; whether it is necessary to go to the embassy; whether passports are produced at the embassy or in Togo
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Examining Togo's Implausible Election Results
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
2 March 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for Assemblée Nationale (Togolese National Assembly) of 20 December 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for President of 25 April 2015.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
15 September 2015
Title:
The National Alliance for Change (Alliance nationale pour le changement, ANC), including its structure, the treatment of its members by the government and the issuance of membership cards (2010–May 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
Combat for Political Change 2015 (Combat pour l'alternance politique en 2015, CAP 2015), including its objectives, structure, leaders and activities; demonstration of 21 November 2014, including the violence that occurred
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Title:
Mass Demonstrations in Togo. 10 Hidden Conflicts in Africa.
Source:
Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project
Date of Document:
20 February 2018
Accessed Date:
9 October 2018
Title:
Most Togolese mistrust electoral commission, would prefer non-partisan, technical alternative. Dispatch No. 274.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
28 January 2019
Author:
Thomas Isbell; Hervé Akinocho
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Loi portant modification de l'ordonnance n°80-16 du 31 janvier portant code des personnes et de la famille
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Les mariages forcés au Togo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Togo - Sex Discrimination in the Nationality Law
Source:
Equality Now; Questions des Femmes
Date of Document:
22 March 2016
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Whether the first born son and/or the only son born into a family has a customary obligation to become a voodoo priest; consequences for refusal (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 August 2016
Accessed Date:
25 October 2016
Title:
Togo. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
FGM in Togo: Short Report
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
15 September 2020
Title:
Togo. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Contribution conjointe pour l'examen périodique universel du Togo sur les droits sexuels et reproductifs 26e session - octobre 2016
Source:
Afrique Arc-En-Ciel; Sexual Rights Initiative
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Les Togolais acceptent les différences sociales à l'exception de celles d'orientation sexuelle. Dépêche No. 34.
Source:
Afrobaromètre; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
2 June 2015
Author:
Ekoutiamé A. Ahlin et al.
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
25 November 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Togo: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
9 April 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Loi No 2015-010 du 24 Novembre 2015 portant nouveau code pénal
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Visit to Togo conducted 1 to 10 December 2014: findings and recommendations for the State party. Report of the Subcommittee.
Source:
United Nations. Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
28 April 2016
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo's judicial system marked by popular distrust, perceptions of corruption. Dispatch No. 147.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
18 May 2017
Author:
Pauline M. Wambua; Carolyn Logan
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by Togo under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2016
Date of Document:
8 November 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Lutte contre la torture au Togo : Un pas en avant, deux pas en arrière. Rapport alternatif soumis en application de l'article 19 de la convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants.
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
27 August 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
11.
Media Freedoms - (No items in this section)
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 June 2020
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Togo. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2020:
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
7 October 2019
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html
Accessed Date:
23 October 2019
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2017
URL:
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2016-2017/africa/togo.html
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2019.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/togo
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Togo.html
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report-2/togo/
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. 2019 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
1 April 2019
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/3aad4bc3-7a64-4f84-82af-15f4aebf4e2c
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 June 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/togo/
Accessed Date:
7 October 2019
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/togo/report-togo/
Accessed Date:
9 October 2018
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2018
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
7 May 2019
URL:
https://cdn4.mivasocial.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/159/2019/05/RAD%E2%80%99ACTIVITES-EXERCICE-2018.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2019
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Togo.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
URL:
http://www.bti-project.org/fileadmin/files/BTI/Downloads/Reports/2018/pdf/BTI_2018_Togo.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 October 2018
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Togo
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
URL:
https://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report-TGO.html
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. Human Rights in Africa: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR0113522020ENGLISH.PDF
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Rapport d'activités: Exercice 2019
Source:
Commission nationale des droits de l'homme du Togo
Date of Document:
2 September 2020
URL:
https://cdn4.mivasocial.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/159/2020/09/RAPPORT-DACTIVITES-2019.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 September 2020
Title:
Examining Togo's Implausible Election Results
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
2 March 2020
URL:
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/togo-implausible-election-results/
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
FGM in Togo: Short Report
Date of Document:
April 2020
URL:
https://www.28toomany.org/static/media/uploads/Country%20Research%20and%20Resources/Togo/togo_short_report_v1_(march_2020).pdf
Accessed Date:
15 September 2020
Title:
Togo: L'homosexualité. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
25 November 2019
URL:
https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_togo._lhomosexualite_20191125.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Togo
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
27 August 2019
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CAT/C/TGO/CO/3
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Title:
Togo. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/country/togo/
Accessed Date:
11 September 2020
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
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suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
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IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
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IRB or the Government of Canada.