National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis. NDPs are updated cyclically based on publicly available information. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to allow sufficient time to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2020
MONTENEGRO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Accessed Date:
26 May 2014
Title:
Serbie – Kosovo – Monténégro. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
6 November 2012
Title:
Montenegro. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
8 May 2018
Accessed Date:
17 May 2018
Title:
Monténégro. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Accessed Date:
13 April 2016
Keywords:
country overview; ethnic and national groups; legal system; legislation; map; minorities; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Montenegro: Country Focus.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
10 April 2017
Title:
Montenegro. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Montenegro. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
Title:
Montenegro. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Montenegro. Nations in Transit 2017.
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
Title:
2. Political Criteria. Commission Staff Working Document. Montenegro 2016 Report.
Code:
SWD(2016) 360 final
Source:
European Union. European Commission.
Date of Document:
9 November 2016
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances: Mission to Montenegro
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
17 August 2015
Accessed Date:
13 April 2016
Keywords:
conflict; crime; disappeared persons; extralegal executions/killings; legislation; statistics
Title:
National Report Submitted in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of the Annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 16/21: Montenegro
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/MNE/1
Date of Document:
6 November 2017
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law on Montenegrin Citizenship
Accessed Date:
27 May 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; nationality
Title:
Law on Identity Card
Accessed Date:
26 May 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; identity documents; legislation
Title:
2.1. The Main modes of acquisition and loss of Montenegrin citizenship. Country Report: Montenegro.
Source:
European University Institute. EUDO Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
November 2012
Accessed Date:
27 May 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; nationality
Title:
Montenegro Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Montenegro.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
23 May 2018
Title:
Montenegro. Parliamentary Elections October 2016. OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report.
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
25 January 2017
Accessed Date:
10 April 2017
Title:
Freedom of Assembly in Montenegro
Source:
European Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Author:
Aleksandra Vavić; Ivana Bogojević
Accessed Date:
10 April 2017
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Law on Domestic Violence Protection
Accessed Date:
27 May 2013
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; legal system; legislation; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
24 July 2017
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
Title:
Montenegro. Country report: Gender equality.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
Date of Document:
April 2016
Accessed Date:
10 April 2017
Title:
Montenegro. Compilation of Country Profiles.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
July 2016
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Montenegro. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Montenegro: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
Title:
Montenegro. 2018 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems - (No items in this section)
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
A Difficult Profession: Media Freedom Under Attack in the Western Balkans
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 July 2015
Page Numbers:
24-28; 39-40; 48-49; 58-59
Accessed Date:
13 April 2016
Keywords:
crime; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; legal system; legislation
Title:
Montenegro. Freedom of the Press 2016.
Accessed Date:
10 April 2017
Title:
Montenegro. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 May 2018
Accessed Date:
31 May 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
ECRI Report on Montenegro (fifth monitoring cycle)
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
19 September 2017
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 March 2019:
Title:
Montenegro. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2018&dlid=289163
Accessed Date:
18 March 2019
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
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The information presented in
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IRB or the Government of Canada.