National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 March 2019
ROMANIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
September 2008
Accessed Date:
22 October 2013
Title:
Roumanie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 October 2018
Accessed Date:
25 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Europe, 2018.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
25 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
Title:
Romania. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Nations in Transit 2018.
Author:
Laura Ştefan et al.
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on his mission to Romania
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 April 2016
Accessed Date:
9 August 2016
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ROU/1
Date of Document:
27 December 2017
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Country report: Non-discrimination.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
Author:
Romanița Elena Iordache
Accessed Date:
13 September 2017
Title:
Compilation on Romania
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ROU/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 November 2017
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Summary of stakeholders' submissions on Romania
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ROU/3
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
2 November 2017
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Act No. 21/1991 on Romanian Citizenship
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage
Title:
Country Report: Romania
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
April 2013
Author:
Constantin Iordachi
Accessed Date:
23 October 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; institutional efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; nationality; political activities; political organizations; religion; statistics
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining medical records, within the country as well as from abroad
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
institutional efficacy; legislation; medical records
Title:
Romania. U. S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Romania.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Camera Deputatilor (Chamber of Deputies).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
9 May 2017
Accessed Date:
13 September 2017
Title:
Romania. Election for President of 16 November 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
21 October 2015
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Romania. WAVE Country Report 2017: The Situation of Women's Specialist Support Services in Europe.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Country report: Gender equality.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
Accessed Date:
23 October 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of Romania
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
24 July 2017
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
25 October 2018
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Report concerning the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings by Romania. Second Evaluation Round.
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings.
Date of Document:
30 September 2016
Accessed Date:
14 September 2017
Title:
Romania: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Fourth Evaluation Round. Corruption prevention in respect of members of parliament, judges and prosecutors. Evaluation Report. Romania.
Code:
Greco Eval IV Rep (2015) 4E
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of States Against Corruption.
Date of Document:
22 January 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Romania. 2018 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
26 March 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining police reports such as criminal complaints, criminal investigation reports, and a criminal record check, within the country as well as from abroad
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2014
Accessed Date:
27 October 2014
Keywords:
identity documents; police report; police/security forces
Title:
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Progress in Romania under the Co-operation and Verification Mechanism
Source:
European Commission
Date of Document:
25 January 2017
Accessed Date:
14 September 2017
Title:
Is pre-trial detention used as last resort measure in Romania? Research Report.
Source:
Association for the Defence of Human Rights in Romania-the Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Visit to Romania undertaken from 3 to 12 May 2016: observations and recommendations addressed to the State party. Report of the Subcommittee.
Source:
United Nations. Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
8 March 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Joint submission to the Council of Europe on implementation of police brutality judgments in Romania (June 2016)
Source:
European Roma Rights Centre
Date of Document:
7 June 2016
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Romania. Freedom of the Press 2015.
Accessed Date:
22 October 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; country overview; election; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political prisoners; religion; statistics
Title:
Media Pluralism Monitor 2016 Monitoring Risks for Media Pluralism in the EU and Beyond. Country report: Romania.
Source:
European University Institute. Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom.
Date of Document:
December 2016
Author:
Marina Popescu et al.
Accessed Date:
14 September 2017
Title:
Romania. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 May 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Fourth Opinion on Romania – adopted on 22 June 2017
Code:
ACFC/OP/IV(2017)005
Source:
Council of Europe. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Date of Document:
16 February 2018
Accessed Date:
18 October 2018
Title:
Hungarian Status Law (January 2003-January 2006)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 February 2006
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; identity documents; legislation; minorities; nationality
Title:
Fourth Report Submitted by Romania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Code:
ACFC/SR/IV(2016)002
Date of Document:
1 February 2016
Accessed Date:
10 August 2016
Title:
Situation of Roma, including treatment by society and government authorities; state protection and support services available to Roma (2011-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 October 2015
Accessed Date:
27 October 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; identity documents; labour; minorities; political activities; social services
Title:
The situation of Roma and Travellers in the context of rising extremism, xenophobia and the refugee crisis in Europe
Source:
Council of Europe. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities.
Date of Document:
20 October 2016
Accessed Date:
14 September 2017
Title:
Comments of the Government of Romania on the Fourth Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Romania
Code:
GVT/COM/IV(2018)001
Date of Document:
16 February 2018
Accessed Date:
10 October 2018
Title:
Romania. Effective Roma integration measures in the Member States 2016.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice.
Date of Document:
27 June 2016
Accessed Date:
15 September 2017
Title:
ECRI Conclusions on the Implementation of the Recommendations in Respect of Romania Subject to Interim Follow-Up
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
16 May 2017
Accessed Date:
14 September 2017
Title:
III. Case Study 1: Advocacy for Desegregation Policies and Measures. III. 1 Combating Segregation in Romania. Strategies and Tactics to Combat Segregation of Roma Children in Schools.
Source:
Harvard University. FXB Center for Health and Human Rights.
Accessed Date:
15 September 2017
Title:
Romania. Roma Inclusion Index 2015.
Source:
Decade of Roma Inclusion Secretariat Foundation
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
30 September 2015
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; labour; minorities; race; social services; statistics
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
European Union: Application of the Protocol on Asylum for Nationals of Member States of the European Union (2013-June 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
Title:
European Union: Freedom of movement, residency and social security regulations for European Union (EU) nationals who move to other EU countries; the situation of Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak nationals who move to other EU countries, including...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 July 2015
Accessed Date:
31 July 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; freedom of movement; identity documents; legislation; political activities; statistics
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 October 2018:
Title:
Romania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 April 2018
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=277209
Accessed Date:
23 April 2018
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.