National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 June 2018
ZIMBABWE
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Zimbabwe. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
24 June 2016
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
December 2017
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Zimbabwe
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
11 April 2016
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Zimbabwe: Sexual orientation and gender identity. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
11 June 2018
Accessed Date:
14 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Zimbabwe: Women fearing gender-based harm or violence. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Country Information and Policy Note. Zimbabwe: Opposition to the government. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
April 2018
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Zimbabwe: Prison conditions. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 April 2018
Accessed Date:
24 April 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. World Report 2018: Events of 2017.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2018
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. Deteriorating Human Rights Situation. Amnesty International Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review November 2016.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 August 2016
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21. Zimbabwe.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/ZWE/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
25 August 2016
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21. Zimbabwe.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/ZWE/1
Date of Document:
22 August 2016
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Zimbabwe. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Citizenship of Zimbabwe Act, Chapter 4:01 (Amended 2003)
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; crime; identity documents; legislation; marriage
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Back to the Future: Legitimising Zimbabwe's 2018 Elections
Source:
Institute for Security Studies
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), including political status, organizational structure, leaders, membership cards and activities; treatment of MDC members by authorities (2013-2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 January 2015
Accessed Date:
24 June 2015
Keywords:
abduction; children; election; gender-based violence; police efficacy; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; torture
Title:
The Mthwakazi Liberation Front (MLF), including structure, leadership, membership, objectives, activities, and areas of operation; treatment of members by authorities (2013-April 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
21 June 2018
Title:
Whether the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is still active in Canada; location of MDC branches and chapters outside of Zimbabwe; whether MDC branches outside of Zimbabwe can verify the identity and replace the lost membership cards of thos...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 May 2015
Accessed Date:
26 June 2015
Keywords:
identity documents; Internet; legislation; political activities; political organizations
Title:
Old Beginnings: The Political Context of Zimbabwe and a Report on Biometric Voter Registration (BVR): A National and Matabeleland Perspective.
Source:
Solidarity Peace Trust
Date of Document:
February 2018
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Information on the following organizations, including objectives, membership, and treatment by authorities: Youth Empowerment and Transformation Trust (YETT), Zimbabwe National Student's Union (ZINASU), and #ThisFlag (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 February 2017
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe's “Military-assisted Transition” and Prospects for Recovery. Africa Briefing N°134.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
20 December 2017
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Zimbabwe.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Southern Africa Report. Zimbabwe's reforms. An exercise in credibility – or pretence?
Source:
Institute for Security Studies
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Zimbabwe
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
9 February 2018
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection and support services available to victims (June 2012- May 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 June 2015
Accessed Date:
24 June 2015
Keywords:
children; corruption; country overview; crime; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; gender equality; gender-based violence; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; religion; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture
Title:
Media Brief: On Ending Child Marriages in Zimbabwe
Source:
Panos Institute Southern Africa
Date of Document:
29 December 2015
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe: Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Domestic Violence Act [Chapter 5:16]
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
children; crime; domestic violence; female genital mutilation; legal system; legislation; marriage; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services; warrants; witness protection
Title:
Understanding Gender Equality in Zimbabwe: Women and Men Report 2016
Source:
Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency
Date of Document:
November 2016
Page Numbers:
6-11; 58-63
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
ZDHS 2015 Key Findings Gender-Based Violence
Source:
Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey; United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
27 May 2016
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. State Sponsored Homophobia 2017: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition. 12th Edition.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2017
Author:
Aengus Carroll; Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Situation of sexual minorities, including legislation; treatment by society and authorities; state protection and support services available to victims of violence (2014-May 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 May 2017
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
A Survey of Laws Impacting the Human Rights of LGBT Persons in Selected Southern African Countries
Source:
OutRight Action International
Date of Document:
16 March 2016
Accessed Date:
7 June 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Zimbabwe: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
29 June 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. 2018 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
11 May 2018
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Transitional Justice in Pre-transitional Times. Are there any lessons for Zimbabwe?
Source:
Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
Date of Document:
24 March 2017
Author:
Tony Reeler et al
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Resurgence of Public Violence in Zimbabwe. A National Crisis.
Date of Document:
2 September 2016
Accessed Date:
7 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom of the Press 2017.
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom on the Net 2017.
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Ordeals in the Long-Walk to Freedom: The State of Internet Governance in Zimbabwe
Source:
Zimbabwe Democracy Institute; Media Centre
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 May 2018
Accessed Date:
25 June 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Treatment of white, or non-indigenous, minorities by authorities and society; availability of state protection (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 August 2017
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 April 2018:
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
URL:
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/zimbabwe.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 June 2017
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
Title:
Country Information and Policy Note. Zimbabwe: Opposition to the government. Version 2.0e.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
January 2017
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/587678/CPIN_-_ZWE_-_Political_Opposition_-_v2_0e.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Zimbabwe: Sexual orientation and gender identity. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2016
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/571064/CPIN_-_Zimbabwe_-_SOGI_-_v2_0__November_2016_.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Zimbabwe
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
11 April 2016
URL:
http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/country-information-report-zimbabwe.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. World Report 2017: Events of 2016.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2017
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/zimbabwe
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom in the World 2017.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/zimbabwe
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Amnesty International Annual Report 2016/17: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/zimbabwe/report-zimbabwe/
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/fees/reciprocity-by-country/ZI.html
Accessed Date:
7 June 2017
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 - Zimbabwe Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
URL:
http://www.bti-project.org/fileadmin/files/BTI/Downloads/Reports/2016/pdf/BTI_2016_Zimbabwe.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 June 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; citizenship; corruption; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; penal system; police corruption; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; torture
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Zimbabwe
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
14 April 2017
URL:
http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/zimbabwe.html
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
URL:
https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2017/271316.htm
Accessed Date:
28 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. 2017 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
1 February 2017
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21171
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom of the Press 2016.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/zimbabwe
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. Freedom on the Net 2016.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2016/zimbabwe
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=256087
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe Atlas Map
Source:
United Nations. Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
Date of Document:
June 2008
URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/3dee2cf00.html
Accessed Date:
28 May 2013
Title:
Zimbabwe Country Report
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
15 January 2015
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/54b691994.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 June 2017
Source:
Center for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies
Date of Document:
September 2016
URL:
http://canvasopedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/zimbabve-2016.compressed.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 June 2017
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Zimbabwe
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
URL:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/ZWIndex.aspx
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Report 2016-2017. State of Human Rights. Zimbabwe.
Source:
Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
URL:
http://www.hrforumzim.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ZIMBABWE-STATE-OF-HR-REPORT-2016-76.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Immigration Regulations, 1998. [As amended by Immigration (Amendment) Regulations, 2005 (No.1) – SI 126 of 2005 – with effect from 17 June 2005.]
URL:
http://www.zimimmigration.gov.zw/index.php/home/immigration-regulations#
Accessed Date:
11 May 2016
Keywords:
children; citizenship; crime; identity documents; legislation; marriage
Title:
Immigration Act, Chapter 4:02 (Amended 2001)
URL:
http://www.zimimmigration.gov.zw/index.php/home/acts
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
children; freedom of movement; legislation; marriage
Title:
Zimbabwe: Stranded in Stasis. Africa Briefing No118.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
29 February 2016
URL:
http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/southern-africa/zimbabwe/b118-zimbabwe-stranded-in-stasis.aspx
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
African Union Election Observation Mission Report: Zimbabwe
Source:
African Union. Election Observation Mission.
URL:
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/AUEOM-REPORT-ZIMBABWE-2013.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 June 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; corruption; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; race; social services
Title:
Republic of Zimbabwe. Elections for National Assembly of 31 July 2013.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/551/
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Republic of Zimbabwe. Election for President of 31 July 2013.
Source:
International Foundation of Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2280/
Accessed Date:
23 June 2014
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations
Title:
Republic of Zimbabwe. Election for Senate of 31 July 2013.
Source:
International Foundation of Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/1062/
Accessed Date:
11 May 2016
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations
Title:
Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Source:
Congressional Research Service
Date of Document:
15 September 2016
URL:
https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20160915_R44633_b6fcb025c2c9fd9654e912b7e39ebb84a5544d6c.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Organized Violence & Torture Report. April 2017.
Source:
Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
Date of Document:
14 May 2017
URL:
http://www.hrforumzim.org/publications/monthly-political-violence-reports/april-organised-violence-and-torture-report/
Accessed Date:
20 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. WJP Rule of Law Index 2016.
Source:
World Justice Project
URL:
http://data.worldjusticeproject.org/#/groups/ZWE
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Hoping Without Hope: Murambatsvina – Ten Years On
Source:
Ukuthula Trust; Solidarity Peace Trust
Date of Document:
6 October 2015
URL:
http://www.solidaritypeacetrust.org/download/report-files/Hope%20without%20hope%206%20october%202015.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 May 2016
Keywords:
conflict; freedom of assembly; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; labour; police/security forces complaints
Title:
State of Internet Freedom in Zimbabwe 2016
Source:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa
Date of Document:
December 2016
URL:
http://cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=231
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
The Right to Privacy in Zimbabwe
Source:
Privacy International et al.
Date of Document:
March 2016
URL:
https://www.privacyinternational.org/sites/default/files/2017-12/zimbabwe_upr2016.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 June 2017
Title:
Zimbabwe. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015: Events of 2014.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
2 July 2015
URL:
http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/MRG-state-of-the-worlds-minorities-2015-FULL-TEXT.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 May 2016
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; race
Title:
Zimbabwe. The 2016 ITUC Global Rights Index. The World's Worst Countries for Workers.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
URL:
http://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/survey_ra_2016_eng.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 June 2016
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; labour; legal system; police/security forces
Title:
Back to the Future: Legitimising Zimbabwe's 2018 Elections
Source:
Institute for Security Studies
Date of Document:
November 2017
URL:
https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/sar12.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
The Mthwakazi Liberation Front (MLF), including structure, leadership, membership, objectives, activities, and areas of operation; treatment of members by authorities (2013-April 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457459
Accessed Date:
21 June 2018
Title:
Old Beginnings: The Political Context of Zimbabwe and a Report on Biometric Voter Registration (BVR): A National and Matabeleland Perspective.
Source:
Solidarity Peace Trust
Date of Document:
February 2018
URL:
http://solidaritypeacetrust.org/download/report-files/SPT-Old-Beginnings-February-2018-.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 May 2018
Title:
Zimbabwe's “Military-assisted Transition” and Prospects for Recovery. Africa Briefing N°134.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
20 December 2017
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/southern-africa/zimbabwe/b134-zimbabwes-military-assisted-transition-and-prospects-recovery
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Ordeals in the Long-Walk to Freedom: The State of Internet Governance in Zimbabwe
Source:
Zimbabwe Democracy Institute; Media Centre
Date of Document:
November 2017
URL:
http://kubatana.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/zdi_media_centre_state_internet_freedom_1712.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 May 2018
Title:
Treatment of white, or non-indigenous, minorities by authorities and society; availability of state protection (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 August 2017
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457170
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.