National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 September 2023
MALDIVES
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
25 September 2013
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 September 2023
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
Title:
Présentation des Maldives
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
18 February 2021
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives : Divehi Rajjeyge Jumhooriyya. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
18 September 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/1
Date of Document:
14 February 2020
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Compilation on Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 March 2020
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 February 2020
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Labour in the Maldives: A Snapshot into Discrimination of Migrant Workers. South Asia Judicial Barometer.
Source:
The Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development; Law and Society Trust
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, on her visit to Maldives.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 February 2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
“I Could Have Been Next”: Stymied Reforms in the Maldives
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
April 2022
Editor:
Patricia Gossman et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chapter 1: State, Sovereignty and Citizens. Maldives's Constitution of 2008 (Amended 2020).
Source:
Maldives; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
Title:
Maldives : Maldivian Citizenship Act
Source:
National Legislative Bodies; National Authorities
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Maldives. Election for Maldivian Presidency of 23 September 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Maldives: People's Majlis.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Transparency Maldives' Interim Report on the 2023 Presidential Election
Source:
Transparency Maldives
Date of Document:
10 September 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Report of the Working Group on discrimination against women and girls on its visit to Maldives.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
26 April 2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Sexual Violence in The Maldives: Legal and Other Barriers To Justice for Survivors- A Country Fact Sheet.
Source:
Equality Now; Uthema
Date of Document:
30 April 2021
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Situation Analysis of Children and Youth in the Maldives
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Maldives
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
23 November 2021
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Maldives: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Maldives.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Legal System and Research of Maldives
Date of Document:
October 2020
Author:
Mariyam Sahula et al.
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
6 July 2022
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Maldives. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. World Press Freedom Index 2022.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives Country Report. Pressure & Polarisation: Powering Media Resistance in South Asia. 21st Annual South Asia Press Freedom Report 2022-23.
Source:
International Federation of Journalists
Date of Document:
May 2023
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives: Overview of the Environment for Media
Source:
Centre for Law and Democracy
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Combined thirteenth to fifteenth periodic reports submitted by Maldives under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2015
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
6 October 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated :
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
25 September 2013
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/map/maldives/maldives-location-map-2013
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 September 2023
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/maldives/
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
Title:
Présentation des Maldives
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
18 February 2021
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/maldives/presentation-des-maldives/
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives : Divehi Rajjeyge Jumhooriyya. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
18 September 2023
URL:
https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/asie/maldives.htm
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/maldives/
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/POL1056702023ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/maldives
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Freedom in the World 2023.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/maldives/freedom-world/2023
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/1
Date of Document:
14 February 2020
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/1
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Compilation on Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 March 2020
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/2
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Maldives
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 February 2020
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/36/MDV/3
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Labour in the Maldives: A Snapshot into Discrimination of Migrant Workers. South Asia Judicial Barometer.
Source:
The Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development; Law and Society Trust
URL:
https://mvdemocracy.org/publications/south-asia-judicial-barometer-report-chapter-3-labour-in-the-maldives-a-snapshot-into-discrimination-of-migrant-workers/
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, on her visit to Maldives.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 February 2023
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session52/advance-version/A_HRC_52_39_Add.1_AdvanceEditedVersion.docx
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
“I Could Have Been Next”: Stymied Reforms in the Maldives
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
April 2022
Editor:
Patricia Gossman et al.
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/14/i-could-have-been-next/stymied-reforms-maldives
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Chapter 1: State, Sovereignty and Citizens. Maldives's Constitution of 2008 (Amended 2020).
Source:
Maldives; Comparative Constitutions Project
URL:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Maldives_2008
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Maldives.html
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
Title:
Maldives : Maldivian Citizenship Act
Source:
National Legislative Bodies; National Authorities
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
URL:
https://www.refworld.org/docid/58d3c59b4.html
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Republic of Maldives. Election for Maldivian Presidency of 23 September 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2640/
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Maldives: People's Majlis.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/content/maldives?chamber_id=13457
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Transparency Maldives' Interim Report on the 2023 Presidential Election
Source:
Transparency Maldives
Date of Document:
10 September 2023
URL:
https://transparency.mv/v17/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Election-Interim-Report-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Working Group on discrimination against women and girls on its visit to Maldives.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
26 April 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/53/39/Add.2
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Sexual Violence in The Maldives: Legal and Other Barriers To Justice for Survivors- A Country Fact Sheet.
Source:
Equality Now; Uthema
Date of Document:
30 April 2021
URL:
https://equalitynow.storage.googleapis.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/20043522/EN-SA_-_country_fact_sheets_-_MALDIVES_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Situation Analysis of Children and Youth in the Maldives
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://www.unicef.org/maldives/media/2736/file/Situation%20Analysis%20of%20Children%20and%20Youth%20in%20the%20Maldives.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Maldives
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
23 November 2021
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/6
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/Our_Identities_Under_Arrest_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_World_Trans_Legal_Mapping_Report_2019_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/maldives
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Maldives.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/f8465b65-c149-4d9b-9d29-1d3b16b414a1
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/maldives/
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Update: Legal System and Research of Maldives
Date of Document:
October 2020
Author:
Mariyam Sahula et al.
URL:
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Maldives1.html
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
6 July 2022
URL:
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G22/400/81/PDF/G2240081.pdf?OpenElement
Accessed Date:
6 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
URL:
https://www.policinglaw.info/country/maldives
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. World Press Freedom Index 2022.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/maldives
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives Country Report. Pressure & Polarisation: Powering Media Resistance in South Asia. 21st Annual South Asia Press Freedom Report 2022-23.
Source:
International Federation of Journalists
Date of Document:
May 2023
URL:
https://samsn.ifj.org/SAPFR22-23/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IFJ_MAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives: Overview of the Environment for Media
Source:
Centre for Law and Democracy
Date of Document:
August 2021
URL:
https://www.law-democracy.org/live/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Maldives-Report.Final_.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Maldives. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/maldives/
Accessed Date:
7 September 2023
Title:
Combined thirteenth to fifteenth periodic reports submitted by Maldives under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2015
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
6 October 2022
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CERD/C/MDV/13-15
Accessed Date:
22 September 2023
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
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suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
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IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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The information presented in
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IRB or the Government of Canada.